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Module 7 (Critical Care) > Exam 4 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Exam 4 Pharmacology Flashcards

Naloxone, Flumazenil, Gabapentin, Ketorolac, Methotrexate, Lorazepam, Levofloxacin, Haloperidol (69 cards)

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1
Q

Naloxone MOA

A

opioid antagonist
- reverses the effects of opioids

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2
Q

Naloxone is used for

A

rapidly reversing opioid overdose
- heroin, morphine, and oxycodone

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3
Q

Naloxone side effects

A

acute opioid withdrawal
- pain, tachycardia, HTN, fever, sweating, abd cramps, N/V/D, agitation and irritability
combative
injection site reactions

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4
Q

Naloxone side effects - neonate

A

acute opioid withdrawal from mothers with opioid dependence
- excessive crying
- shrill cry
- failure to feed
- seizures
- hyperactive reflexes

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5
Q

Naloxone adverse effects

A
  • flushing, BP instability, presyncope, VTach and VFib
  • hot flash
  • increase serum bilirubin
  • hallucinations
  • withdrawal syndrome
  • hypoxia
  • pulmonary edema
  • VTach and VFib
  • pulmonary depression
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6
Q

Naloxone nursing interventions/assessments

A

Monitor for AMS, respiratory depression, and shock
(Neuro and pulmonary)
- Naloxone has a shorter half-life than the opioids
- pulse Ox

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7
Q

Naloxone contraindications/precautions

A

cardiovascular disease
- hypotension
- pulmonary edema
- arrythmias
- instability = ventricular fibrillation
seizures

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8
Q

Naloxone drug type

A

Opioid Antagonist (Antidote)

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9
Q

Naloxone related with Opioid ODs

A

Naloxone has a shorter half-life than the opioids
may need to give the antidote more than once

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10
Q

Naloxone routes

A

IN
IM
IV
ETT

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11
Q

Naloxone acts within

A

normal breathing 2-5 minutes
- if not responding give another dose
- rescue breathing while waiting for effects

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12
Q

Naloxone wears off within

A

30-90 minutes following admin

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13
Q

Flumazenil MOA

A

binds to extracellular GABA receptors and prevents benzo molecules from binding
- reverses on CNS system

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14
Q

Flumazenil is used for

A

antidote for Benzodiazepines for a sedative
- Valium
- Versed
- Xanax
Tranxene

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15
Q

Flumazenil side effects

A

HA
N/V
dizzy
increased sweating
flushing (sudden warmth, redness, or tingly feeling)

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16
Q

Flumazenil adverse effects

A

cardiac arrythmias
rapid, pounding pulse
seizures
respiratory depression
ongoing drowsiness

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17
Q

Flumazenil nursing interventions/assessments

A

seizure precautions
monitor respiratory status
CNS depression
amnesia or resedation

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18
Q

Flumazenil contraindications

A

unknown or mixed OD
tolerance
seizure disorders
prolonged QRS interval

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19
Q

Flumazenil generic name

A

Romazicon

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20
Q

Flumazenil drug type

A

Benzo antagonist

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21
Q

Flumazenil routes

A

IV

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22
Q

Gabapentin MOA

A

crosses lipid membrane barriers on the amino aid transportation
- GABA synthetic enzyme

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23
Q

Gabapentin is used for

A

Tx epilepsy
nerve pain (diabetes and shingles)
Cerebral palsy shakes

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24
Q

Gabapentin side effects

A

sleepy, dizzy
N/V/D
mood changes
swollen extremities
blurred vision
dry mouth

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25
Gabapentin adverse effects
CNS and respiratory depression aggression, hyperkinetic muscle activity **suicidal ideation and tendencies**
26
Gabapentin nursing interventions/assessments
LOC, mental health hx of depression and ideation - seizure precautions - infection control
27
Gabapentin drug type
Anticonvulsant
28
Gabapentin routes
PO - same time each day
29
Ketorolac MOA
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking COX enzyme
30
Ketorolac is used for
moderate to severe pain after an operation - NSAIDs - short term
31
Ketorolac side effects
stomach cramp, burn, gas, bloating constipation
32
Ketorolac adverse effects
GI bleed to ulcers CV thombosis CVA, MI, HTN
33
Ketorolac contraindicated in
renal impairment - CRRT heparin therapy
34
Ketorolac labs
Platelets PT/INR
35
Ketorolac nursing interventions/assessments
with PPI to help with peptic ulcer FALL RISK MONITOR LFT
36
Ketorolac drug type
NSAID after operation
37
Ketorolac routes
PO, NASAL, IV, IM
38
Methotrexate MOA
prevents nitric oxide sythese and increase sensitivity to T cells apoptosis - getting rid of immune responses
39
Methotrexate drug type
Antimetaolite
40
Methotrexate is used for
RA Psoriasis CA
41
Methotrexate side effects
cough HA diarrhea dizzy **nausea,vomiting** chills
42
Methotrexate adverse effects
bone marrow suppression serious infections renal, GI, liver, pulmonary impairment loss of child if pregnant
43
Methotrexate labs
WBCs platelets LFTs Cr and BUN
44
Methotrexate nursing interventions/assessments
watch for bleeding no diuretics or NSAIDs ASSESS BUCCAL FRO DRYNESS MONITOR FOR INFECTIONS AND SKIN REACTIONS - rinse mouth with water, contraceptives, flush twice
45
Methotrexate routes
PO, SQ, IM
46
Lorazepam MOA
binds to benzo receptors on GABA channel for CNS depression
47
Lorazepam drug types
Benzodiazepines
48
Lorazepam is used for
anxiety short term sleeping
49
Lorazepam side effects
confusion blurry dizzy dark urine constipation
50
Lorazepam adverse effects
respiratory depression risk of suicidal ideation, depression, and hallucinations
51
Lorazepam labs
CBC, liver function tests, and LDH glycol toxicity, serum creatinine, BUN, serum lactate, and osmolality gap.
52
Lorazepam nursing interventions/assessments
seizure/fall precautions dilute double check with others
53
Lorazepam routes
IV
54
Levofloxacin MOA
direct inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
55
Levofloxacin drug type
Antibiotic of the fluroquinolones
56
Levofloxacin is used for
Bacterial infections (nosocomial pneumonia to UTIs) - Anthrax - Plague
57
Levofloxacin side effects
HA diarrhea abd gas seizures pain irregular heart beat
58
Levofloxacin adverse effects
inflammation or tearng of tendons - bruise easy black tarry stools unusual wt gain hepatitis
59
Levofloxacin labs
I&Os LFTs
60
Levofloxacin nursing interventions/assessments
neuro WBCs signs of infection cystalluria drink plenty of water
61
Levofloxacin routes
PO, IV
62
Haloperidol MOA
block dopamine receptors
63
Haloperidol drug type
1ST gen typical antipsychotic
64
Haloperidol is used for
Tx nervous, emotional and mental (Schizophrenia) Tourettes dementia behavioral problems
65
Haloperidol side effects
drowsy, dizzy fast pulse blurry vision anticholinergic increased temp urinary retention and constipation
66
Haloperidol adverse effects
stiff neck - EPS wt gain erectile dysfunction amenorrhea sedation NMS
67
Haloperidol labs
ECG VS - orthostatic hypotension
68
Haloperidol nursing interventions/assessments
neuro seizure and EPS (muscle twitch and exorcisms) VS NMS - fluctuations in BP and pulse, loc, hyperthermia and rigid
69
Haloperidol routes
IM, IV

Module 7 (Critical Care) (22 decks)

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