Professional Responsibilities Flashcards

(110 cards)

1
Q

Communication problems

A

ineffective
unaware of bias

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2
Q

Conflict problems

A

lack of training/practice
lack of motivation
uncomfortable resolving

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3
Q

Incivility problems

A

bullying
lateral/vertical violence
“nurses eat their young”

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4
Q

Change problems

A

constant
rapid
unready
chaos

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5
Q

ANA Code of Ethics states nurses are required to create what type of environment?

A

ethical environment and culture of civility and kindness, treating colleagues, co-workers, employees, students, and others with dignity and respect

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6
Q

Confidentiality and Privacy includes

A

pt
caregiver
other team members

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7
Q

Praise in public, ________ in private

A

correct
- maintain conversations in a professional tone and manner to improve environment

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8
Q

Issues with the sender of the information

A

Unclear speech
Intricate/confused message
Poor sentence structure
Inappropriate uses of terms or jargon
Knowledge deficit regarding topic

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9
Q

Issues with the receiver of the information

A

Lack of attention
Prejudice and bias
Preoccupation with another problem
Physical factors

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10
Q

miscommunications can lead to

A

med mistakes
bad environment
mistrust
low moral
high turnover

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11
Q

Verbal communication

A

said
- build up with encouraging words, repeat,
-

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12
Q

Paraverbal communication

A

tone (silence)
- soft,
speech
volume
diction

  • blocks by yelling
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13
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

body language
- eye contact
- positive facial expressions
- personal space
- open posture
- empathy

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14
Q

Percentages of the 3 types of communication?

A

Verbal 7%
Paraverbal 38%
Nonverbal 55%

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15
Q

Assertive communication
respects

A

respects self and others

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16
Q

Assertive communication

A

honest, direct and accurately expresses the person’s feelings, beliefs, ideas, and opinions

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17
Q

In assertive communication, Disagreement and discussion are considered to be

A

healthy part of the communication process and negotiation is the positive mechanism for problem solving, learning, and personal growth.

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18
Q

Nonassertive communication is referred to as

A

submissive

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19
Q

When people display submissive behavior or use submissive communication style, they

A

allow their rights to be decided by others. I lose you win

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20
Q

Passive communication disrespects

A

self

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21
Q

Aggressive communication disrespects

A

others

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22
Q

Aggressive communication is used to

A

humiliate, dominate, control or embarrass the other person or lower that person’s self esteem – creates an I win you lose situation

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23
Q

Aggressive forms of communication are seen through

A

screaming, sarcasm, rudeness, belittling jokes, and even direct personal insults

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24
Q

Assertive Communication allows conversations that are

A

direct
honest
nonthreatening
- Acknowledges & deals with conflict
- everyone is equal

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25
Passive communication traits
Allows rights to be violated by others May be a protective mechanism Dismisses own feelings as being unimportant May be a means of manipulation by way of passive-aggressive behavior
26
Aggressive Communication
Asserts the speaker’s rights, ideas, and opinion with little respect for others May be used to humiliate, dominate, control or embarrass others
27
Therapeutic communication btw
The patient The family Openness, honesty, direct, frequent, ongoing
28
Therapeutic communication is NOT
premature advice minimize feelings false reassurances value judgements asky "why" statements excessive questions approval disapproving change subjects
29
Examples of Effective Communication Tools
TeamSTEPPS CUS model - I am concerned - I am uncomfortable - This is a safety issue DESC script - conflict mgmt “I Pass the Baton” Crucial conversations
30
Strategy for Difficult Conversations (STOP)
- State the situation/problem - Tell the person what you want - Offer an opportunity to respond - Provide closure
31
Communication Strategies by nurses
SBAR Call-Out Check-Back Handoff
32
Conflict
Arises from a perception of incompatibility or difference in beliefs, attitudes, values, goals, priorities, or decisions
33
Conflict impacts
job satisfaction, individuals, collaborative efforts, & organizational costs, and most importantly **- negative impact on patients**
34
Intrapersonal
within a person - THE NURSE TURNS INWARD WHEN HAVING A CONFLICT WITHIN THEMSELVES - errors in perception
35
Organizational
with policies and procedures
36
Interpersonal
btw others
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General Causes of Conflict
Personality differences Value differences Blurred job boundaries Battle for limited resources Constraints on decision-making process Communication Departmental competition Unmet expectations for co-workers Complexity of organizations
38
Positive Outcomes of conflict
Increased group performance Improved quality of decisions Stimulation of creativity Innovation
39
Negative outcomes of conflict
Discontent/Burnout Gossip Disrupted communication Reduced group cohesiveness/effectiveness Fighting among group members
40
Cost of mismanaged conflict
Management time Presenteeism Absenteeism Turnover Litigation
41
Presenteeism
coming to work despite illness, injury, anxiety, etc., often resulting in reduced productivity
42
Absenteeism
not showing up due to avoiding others
43
Why are nurses uncomfortable with conflicts?
- Fear retaliation / ridicule / alienation - Mistaken belief they are unable to handle the conflict situation - Feel like they do not have the right to speak up - Past negative experiences with conflict - Family background & experiences - Lack of education/skills on conflict resolution
44
Team Conflict Mgmt skills you can use
Accommodating Avoiding Collaborating Competing Compromising
45
Accommodating
One party seeks to pacify an opponent; that party is willing to be self sacrificing, they obey and serve others but feel resentment "get nothing in return"
46
Avoiding
The party is aware of the conflict but wants to withdraw from it. They are unassertive and uncooperative, postpone dealing with the issue
47
Collaborating
Setting aside original goals to work toward a common goal
48
Competing
Pursuing a desired solution at the expense of others. Stand up for rights and defend important principles
49
Compromising
Each person gives up something; the solution provides incomplete satisfaction of both parties. Assertive and cooperative. Work creatively and openly to find the solution that most fully satisfies all important goals and concerns to be achieved.
50
Conflict Resolution
Prevent disruptive behavior usually ongoing, escalates over time, cumulative significant negative effects on individuals, patient care and safety, and the organization Preserve positive culture/operations Promote positive relationships
51
Unresolved Conflict Results
Resentment Backbiting Bullying And other dysfunctional behaviors
52
Negotiation
Process where two or more people come to an agreement - win win -calm - "homework done" - incentives - hidden agendas
53
Conciliation
A 3rd person attempts to diffuse the negative emotions that are often involved in the conflict
54
Mediation/Arbitration
When the sides are unable to reach a resolution
55
key element of successful negotiation
Trust on both sides
56
In negotiation each party gives
up something
57
Conflict Behaviors for a good outcome
Recognize conflict early Be proactive Actively listen Remain calm Define the problem Seek a solution Listen attentively Do not spread rumors/let it go Confront in private when you are not angry Maintain eye contact/good posture Start with “I” Focus on the positive Be willing to negotiate/compromise Be direct/honest Focus on behaviors/issues Do not interrupt Don’t attack the person
58
Conflict Resolution used as a constructive approach for managing and resolving conflict:
DESC
59
DESC Script
D—Describe the specific situation E—Express your concerns about the action S—Suggest other alternatives C—Consequences should be stated
60
DESC script can be used to
communicate effectively during all types of conflict and is most effective in resolving interpersonal conflict
61
DESC script are used in situations involving
greater conflict, such as when **hostile or harassing** behaviors are ongoing and **safe patient care is suffering**
62
DESC script ultimate goal
consensus should be reached
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Civility
Having good manners & being polite Respecting others Recognizing that all human beings are important Protecting others from discrimination
64
Incivility
Lack of civility Any type of speech or behavior that disrupts the harmony of the home, work, or educational environment Other names in health care: “Nurses eating their young” “Aggressive communication”
65
A hostile healthcare work environment may lead a nurse to (workplace incivility):
Fail to clarify an unreadable order because of fear Lift or ambulate heavy or debilitated clients without assistance rather than asking for help Use an unfamiliar piece of equipment without asking for instructions first Carry out orders that the nurse did not believe were correct
66
Bullying
“repeated, unwanted, harmful actions intended to humiliate, offend and cause distress such as a hostile remarks, verbal attacks, threats, intimidation and withholding support.”  - beyond impoliteness
67
One on one bullying from peers is sometimes called
peer abuse or lateral (horizontal) violence
68
Repeated actions of bullying intended to:
Coerce, intimidate, humiliate, offend, cause distress to a person
69
Bullying Viscous Cycle
Those bullied may bully when they move into supervisory positions Perpetuates a culture of vertical violence
70
Breaking the cycle of workplace cycle
Name the problem Raise the issue at staff meetings Learn from experience – journal Pursue a path of personal growth Be a part of the solution not the problem Set an example of ”civility” by your own behavior Maintain self-care behaviors
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Break the Cycle Naming the problem:
call it “horizontal violence” to refer to the situation Raising the issue at staff meetings: bring the light of day to the problem Asking supervisors about developing a process for dealing with incivility in the workplace
72
Break the Cycle Learning from experience:
keeping a journal raises self-awareness about personal values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior; it is also a good source of documentation
73
Break the Cycle Pursuing a path of personal growth:
finding those things that create happiness and satisfaction and developing them goes a long way to counteract incivility - Ensuring the nurse is part of the solution, not part of the problem
74
Break the Cycle Maintaining self-care behaviors:
Peer support Good nutrition and exercise Time – outs Speak up about horizontal violence
75
Speaking up when “horizontal violence” is witnessed - by
Develop high-quality preceptor and mentoring programs for students and new nurses. Educate people on how to recognize and deal with bullying Recognize bullying behavior early and address it (bullying never stops by itself). Set an example of “civility” by your own behavior.
76
Civility Best Practice
Communicate clearly Be respectful Consider words & actions Avoid gossip Go with the facts Collaborate Be polite Be open Encourage others Listen Offer help Be responsible for yourself Do not abuse power Be direct
77
Bullying Prevention Strategies
Know hospital policy Code word Practice strategy Address Report Document Consider confrontation Support peers Be self aware
78
TeamSTEPPS Framework
Team Structure Communication Leadership Situation monitoring
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Team structure
facilitates teamwork by identifying the individuals among which information must be communicated, a leader must be clearly designated, and mutual support must occur
80
Communication
which facilitates teamwork by enabling team members to effectively relay relevant information in a manner that is known and understood by all.
81
Leadership
facilitates teamwork through leaders' effective communication with their team members to ensure that a plan is conveyed, reviewed, and updated; continuous monitoring of the situation to better anticipate team members' needs and effectively manage resources; and fostering of an environment of mutual support for role-modeling and reinforcement.
82
Situation Monitoring
A way for team members to be aware of what is going on around them Is moderated by communication Is enhanced by team leadership Allows for mutual support by anticipating other team members’ needs
83
Situation Awareness
state of knowing the current conditions affecting one’s work
84
Situation Awareness includes knowing
Status of the patient Status of other team members Environmental conditions Current progress toward the goal
85
awareness is achieved by constantly
monitoring the ever-changing situation
86
A loss of situation awareness results in
ambiguity, confusion, and a decrease in communication
87
Mutual Support examples
*task assist, share feedback, advocacy and assertion* Monitoring other team members performance to anticipate assistance requests. Offering or requesting assistance. Filling in for a member who cannot perform a task. Cautioning team members about potentially unsafe situations. Self-correcting and helping others correct their mistakes. Distributing and assigning work thoughtfully. Rerouting, delaying work so that the overburdened team member can recover. Regularly providing feedback to each other. And providing encouragement.
88
Mutual support depends on
information gathered through situation monitoring
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Mutual support moderated by
communication
90
Mutual support modeled by
team leaders
91
Situation Monitoring Barriers
Inconsistency in Team Membership Lack of Time Lack of Information Sharing Hierarchy Defensiveness Conventional Thinking Complacency Varying Communication Styles Conflict Lack of Coordination and Follow-up With Coworkers Distractions Fatigue Workload Misinterpretation of Cues Lack of Role Clarity
92
Situation Monitoring tools
Communication SBAR Call-Out Check-Back Handoff Leading Teams Brief Huddle Debrief Situation Monitoring STEP I’M SAFE Mutual Support Task Assistance Feedback Assertive Statement Two-Challenge Rule CUS DESC Script
93
Situation Monitoring outcomes
Shared Mental Model Adaptability Team Orientation Mutual Trust Team Performance Patient Safety!!
94
Change
inevitable accelerating complex adapting
95
Kurt Lewin’s planned change theory
unfreezing-change-refreeze model that requires prior learning to be rejected & replaced
96
Change Theory has three major concepts:
driving forces, restraining forces, & equilibrium.
97
Driving forces
those that push in a direction that causes change to occur. They facilitate change because they push the patient in a desired direction. They cause a shift in the equilibrium towards change.
98
Restraining forces
forces that counter the driving forces. They hinder change because they push the patient in the opposite direction. They cause a shift in the equilibrium that opposes change.
99
Equilibrium
state of being where driving forces equal restraining forces, & no change occurs. It can be raised or lowered by changes that occur between the driving & restraining forces.
100
Unfreezing
process of finding a method of making it possible for people to let go of an old pattern that was counterproductive. Must overcome individual resistance & group conformity
101
3 methods that can lead to the achievement of unfreezing
Increase driving forces that direct behavior away from existing situation Decrease restraining forces that negatively affect the change movement A combination of the first two methods
102
Change stage
involves a process of change in thoughts, feeling, behavior, or all three, that is more liberating or more productive.
103
Refreezing stage
establishing change as new habit, so it becomes “standard operating procedure.” Without this final stage, it can be easy for person/organization go back to old habits.
104
Resistance to change
rooted by anxiety/fear expected as integral to the whole change process not all bad - warning need to readjust/clarity resister to the solution help reframe the issue
105
Resistance
individual rejects proposed new ideas without critically thinking about the proposal. Change requires energy. The change process does not guarantee positive outcomes.
106
Emotional Response to change
Fear Sadness Outrage Stress Disorientation Eroded loyalty Lack of commitment Low risk taking
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Support in periods of change
active listening promoting action steps and solutions staff informed or decisions soliciting input and encourage participation reframe difficult messages
108
Leaders as change agents
Articulate a clear need for change.  Start a plan Get reliable information to the implementers. Do not promise things that cannot be delivered. Get group participation by leaving the details to the people who must implement the change.  Revise the plan prn. Motivate through rewards & benefits.
109
Active listening mnemonic
Sit facing pt Uncross the arms and legs Relaxed Eye contact Touch if appropriate Your intuition
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Spiritual FICA
F I C A