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z. Medical Microbiology > Exam #4 Review > Flashcards

Exam #4 Review Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Ligonella avoid immune system

A

by living and reproducing in the immune cells, will be digested by macrophages

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2
Q
A

Ligonella gram stain

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3
Q

Ligonella Diagnosis

A

Urine Test

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4
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Signs and symptoms
Treatment of TB

A
  • Gram shape rods, acid fast
  • Unexplained weightless, night sweats, coughing up blood
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5
Q
A

Micobacterium Tiberulocis

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6
Q

Granuloma

A

Immune system to wall of the TB bacteria, bacteria continue to grow and eventually will burst

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7
Q

Diagnose TB

A
  1. Tubercles (granulomas on x-ray)
  2. 2 step skin test
  3. Blood test
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8
Q

Miliary TB

A

when bacteria escape the lungs and enter blood stream

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9
Q

Treatment of TB (what antibiotics)

A

Early stage diagnosis: antibiotics for 3-4 months (isonycin + rif- family)
Late stage diagnosis: add more antibotics and for 9 months
Rif - MRNA synthesis inhibitor
Isonyocin -

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10
Q

What organism commonly infects lungs of kids with cystic fibrosis

A

Sudomonos Riginosa, very difficult to treat, resistant to antibotics

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11
Q

Signs and symtoms of Mono

A

Sore throat, loss of appetite, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, swollen spleen
Most people are told to “take it easy”

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12
Q

Diagnose of Mono

A

Rapid test - test for antigens in the throat
Blood smear - look for enlarges leukocytes

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13
Q

Mono is what type of infection/virus

A

Herpes virus - Epstien Barr

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14
Q
A

Mono blood smear

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15
Q

Group B strep infections

A

Streptococcus Agalactia
Normal for mom, can cause infection in baby
- can be apart of moms normal vaginal floura, major cause of neonatal meningitis

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15
Q

Myocarditus

A

infection of heart muscles

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16
Q

Endocarditis

A

infection of the inside of the heart (valves)

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17
Q

Pericarditis

A

infection + swelling of the lining around the heart

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18
Q

What causes endocarditis + risk factors

A

Strep or Stayph
- Surgery: allow the bacteria access to the blood stream

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19
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax

A

Echars form on the skin, black necrotic (dead) skin, stays localized
Highly treatable with antibotics

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20
Q

Respiratory Anthrax
Signs and symptoms + treatment

A

Spores are inhaled
SS: cough, chest congestion, mild fever (flu like symptoms)
Acute after 4 days: organ failure,

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20
Q

Protective Antigen

A

is going to bring LF and EF into the cell, binds to the cell receptors, and brings them in through endocytosis

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21
Q

Lethal Factor

A

LF - kills the cell

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22
Q

Edema Factor

A

EF - causes swelling

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23
Bubonic plague
bitten by an infected flea, bacteria into lymph system, swelling in lymph nodes, creates bubones (armpit or groin)
24
Septicemic
bacteria enters the blood leads to organ failure
25
Pneumonic plague
bacteria into the lungs, massive hemorrhaging, coughing up blood Person to person transmission
26
Treatments of Plagues
Bubonic Plague: very treatable if treated right away with antibotics, if untreated they become septic
27
Causative bacteria of Plague
Yersinia pestis
28
Lymes Disease
Virellia, tick (vector)
29
Sequelae (long term symptoms) for Lymes
Chronic fatigue
30
Bullseyes rash
Not seen in all cases of lymes disease, rash may not come or rash leaves very quickly, hard to feel tick bite
31
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Verketsia (obligate intercellular bacteria, grows inside the cells) Tick bite and high fever
32
Rash characteristics: Wrists + ankles and moved towards the trunk of the body
Rocky mountain spotted fever rash
33
What causes Malaria
Plasmodium Mosquito vector (parasite to liver, reproduce in liver, leaves and infects RBC) Pathogenesis - on and off fevers
34
malaria blood smear
34
Tularemia types
Skin: ulcers Inhaled: causes pnemonia in case look for presence of a small animal (famous for carrying bacteria) (pt is landscaper, hunter, taxidermist)
35
Chagas Disease Type
Spread through trytommite bugs (protozal disease), swelling at bite,
35
Toxoplasmosis, how do you get it an who does it effect
Protozoal disease Reservoir: rodents/small birds and cats Cat will eat infected animal, human interacts with cat feces (poops out eggs) Effects Immunocompromised: can develop CNS infections (tremors and movement disorder) Effects Fetus: can cause birth defects (mental disability)
36
Lymphatic filariasis, name, vector and what is does
Elaphantisis Vector - mosquito carries Wischeria worm Blocks the flow of lymphatic fluid
37
Food poisning
Ingest the toxins that were released by the bacteria, many are heat stable Issue is the toxin
38
GI Infections
Salmonella and bacteria the colonized in the GI
39
Food poisonings or infections faster
Poison, toxins react with cells upon presence
40
Characteristics of S. Aureus Toxin
Heat cannot destroy (boil or microwave) Toxin will trigger vomiting's
41
Leukocytosis
Increased white blood cells
42
Leukopenia (can be an indication of)
Low white blood cell count Typhoid Fever
43
Campylobacter
causes food poisoning poultry, undercooked or raw Shape: weird W
44
Salmonella
gram negative raw, uncooked eggs or chicken
45
E. Coli
Undercooked beef, vegetables that could have been contaminated with feces
46
Salmonella Typhi and relation to carriers
Get through drinking infected water, people can be asymptomatic and spread disease through spreading fecal material
47
Helocobacter Pylori
can survive in stomach and lead to stomach ulcers
48
How to avoid typhoid fever
if endemic area, get the vaccine, make sure that you watch where you get water from
49
Typhoid fever rash (looks like little roses)
50
C. Diff damage to colon
Gram positive rods Makes difficile toxin, leads to inflamed painful colon,
51
Why does antibiotics lead to C. Diff
can be apart of a natural microflora, C Diff is a spore former, and when antibiotics are done the spores can germinate finds no competitors because no other bacteria survived
52
Why would someone get a fecal transplant
put the good gut bacteria back into the patient and the c. diff will be unable to thrive and produce as much toxin
53
EPEC E. Coli (pathogenic) vs regular E. coli
have attachment proteins, intestinal cells make pedestals so bacteria can stay in the gut, and release shiga toxin
53
EPEC E. Coli (pathogenic) vs regular E. coli
have attachment proteins, intestinal cells make pedestals so bacteria can stay in the gut, and release shiga toxin
54
Shiga Toxin
Binds to receptor (GB3) and toxin is brought into cells, destroys ribosomes (ribosomes make proteins) leads to cell death
54
HUS
Hemoragic uremic syndrome, caused by shiga toxin (E. Coli), triggers blood clots to form
55
Where is Listeria naturally + what does it contaminate Who does it effect
environmental in the soil, found in deli meats and raw foods, can be toxic to pregnant woman and lead to miscarriage
56
H. Pylori Breathe Test
Contains Carbon 13 If bacteria is present enzyme will create ammonia and carbon dioxide (that contains heavy carbon atom) and they will exhale the carbon 13 labeled CO2 After an hour the patient will exhale into a one way valve bag and you can analyze the carbon dioxide in the bags
57
Norovirus
fecal-oral (contamination of food or water) route, lasts 12-24 hours SS: fever, headache, malaise, vomiting and diarrhea, extremely infectious - treatment: rehydration
58
Norovirus (SS, treatment, transmission)
fecal-oral (contamination of food or water) route, lasts 12-24 hours SS: fever, headache, malaise, vomiting and diarrhea, extremely infectious - treatment: rehydration
59
Vibro Cholera (SS, treatment, transmission)
comma shaped, salt-tolerant, gram negative rod, fecal material gets into water sources - Severe diarrhea (death within few hours) --can be measured with colera cots (hole in middle) and it is measured in liters per hour treatment: oral rehydration salts or IV fluids to keep pt hydrated and to give electrolytes Replenish fluids they can survive
60
Hepatitis A (transmission, SS, prevention)
effects liver through fecal material, sex, or any bodily fluids SS: nausea, vomiting, liver inflammation and liver serosis if untreated vaccine available

z. Medical Microbiology (4 decks)

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