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z. Medical Microbiology > Exam #5 Urinary, Reproductive and CNS > Flashcards

Exam #5 Urinary, Reproductive and CNS Flashcards

1
Q

UTIs

A

Bladder (cystitis)
Kidney (pyelonephritis)
Women have more (short urethra) (2 or more in 6m 3 or more in 12m)
30-40% hospital acquired infections (catheters)
Most common is E. Coli (pseudomonas, enterococcus and staph)

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1
Q

Recurrent UTI

A

Incomplete emptying of the bladder, sex, spermicides (irritate)

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2
Q

Treatment of UTI

A

Prophylactic continuous antibiotic treatment (low dosage) want to avoid because if can damage body natural floura
Take antibiotics after sexual activity

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3
Q

Bacterial UTIs and Kidney Stone

A

Alkaline urine (high PH) - results in crystals (kidney stones)

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4
Q

Bladder

A

Not sterile, microbiome of the bladder
DNA says they exist but they cannot be grown

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5
Q

Ascending

A

Urethra to the Bladder
- most common in women

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6
Q

Ascending - Kidney

A

if bladder is not treated the bacteria can travel to the kidney and cause infection

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7
Q

Descending

A

From the kidneys to the bladder
- bacteria in the blood stream that gets trapped in the kidneys, travels down ureters’ to bladder

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7
Q

UTI Testing

A

Dip Sticks: Presence of WBC (should not have many), lots of protein (indications of poor kidney), high levels of glucose
Look at UA for microbes (WBC casts)

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7
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

kidney inflammation
90% E. Coli
may complain of painful urination, more frequent urea (poly urea), and nocturia (nighttime urination)

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8
Q
A

WBC/RBC casts

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9
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

damage to the glomerulus
Strep. pyogenes (have similar protein as one naturally found in the kidneys)
leaking protein in the urine

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9
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

change of vaginal flora
- menstrual cycle, antibiotic use, changes in PH (normal 4.5)
Lactobacillus acidophilus - lowers Ph and suppresses growth of bad bacteria in the vagina
(ask about protective nature on exam)

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10
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Gram negative cocco-bacillus
PH at 5.6 will start to grow
Foul smelling discharge with “clue cells”
- vagina epithelial cells covered in gram negative rods

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10
Q
A

“Clue cells”

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10
Q

Candida albicans

A

Common cause of yeast infections, normal vaginal flora, immunosuppression and disruption of the flora can result in over replication

10
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Leprospira interrogans (gram negative motile spirochete)
zoonosis - contamination with animal urine
membrane of nose, mouths, eyes or skin abrasion, can burrow through palms and soles
enters flood and is filtered by the kidneys (live in tubules of nephrons)

11
Q

STI
SS

A

should use infection vs diseases, can cause a delay in treatment
abnormal discharge, sores/blisters, painful urination, bleeding or unusual mensural cramps, itching, pain during intercorse
- ss: may appear to go away by themselves

11
Q

STI
SS

A

should use infection vs diseases, can cause a delay in treatment
abnormal discharge, sores/blisters, painful urination, bleeding or unusual mensural cramps, itching, pain during intercorse
- ss: may appear to go away by themselves

12
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- gram negative diplococcus, 50% asymptomatic, humans only natural host, have very good attatchemnt pili (can stay for 10+ years)
- endotoxin that damages fallopian tubes, enzymes that destroy antibodies

13
Q

Chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
- spherical obligate intercellular bacteria
- mimics gonorrhoeae infections, cannot culture organism
- most commonly reported
- treated with few round of antibotics
- 75% infected women have no symptoms

14
Q

Syphilis

A

Treponema palladium
- gram negative sprirochete, must be grown in cell culture
- sensitive to drying, transmitted through body fluids
- chancre, ulcers on the genitals - will heal on their own in 4-6 weeks

15
Q

Untreated syphilis

A

2-10 weeks after
- runny nose, watery eyes, aches and pains, rash with palms and soles (can cause hair to fall out)
- any fluid from the rash is infectious

16
Q

Tertiary syphilis

A

after 5-20 years bacteria can move into the brain
general paresis - slight paralysis, personality change, delusion, memory loss, impaired judgement, insanity, aortic damage

16
Q

Tertiary syphilis

A

after 5-20 years bacteria can move into the brain
general paresis - slight paralysis, personality change, delusion, memory loss, impaired judgement, insanity, aortic damage

17
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

bacteria crossing the placental, damage is minimal until after the 4th month
1/2 are still born
many will develop secondary syphilis a few weeks after birth
saber shins (bowed bone growth), flat face

18
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

trichomoniasis vaginalis - protozoan
females more symptomatic
- green frothy vaginal discharge, vaginal itching

18
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

trichomoniasis vaginalis - protozoan
females more symptomatic
- green frothy vaginal discharge, vaginal itching

19
Q

Genital Warts

A

Human papillomavirus HPV, cauliflower warts
can lead to cervial, penile, anal and throat cancers, the HPV vacciene has decreased the rate by 50%

19
Q

Genital Warts

A

Human papillomavirus HPV, cauliflower warts
can lead to cervical, penile, anal and throat cancers, the HPV vaccine has decreased the rate by 50%
- subtype 6 + 11 (90%)

20
Q

Genital Herpes

A

subtype 1+ 2 (mostly type 2)
could be asymptomatic,

21
Q

HIV

A
  • screening and education
  • putting pt on antiretroviral drugs to decrease likelihood they pass it on to anyone else
  • infects the helper t cells (ones that help b cells make antibodies)
  • common cancer Karposi sarcoma
21
Q

HIV

A
  • screening and education
  • putting pt on antiretroviral drugs to decrease likelihood they pass it on to anyone else
  • infects the helper t cells (ones that help b cells make antibodies)
  • common cancer Karposi sarcoma
22
Q

STI

A

ghonnorhea, chlymadia, HIV and syphilis

23
Q

Rabies

A

most lethal virus we know about, once they get to the brain they die (respiratory failure)

23
Q

Rabies

A

most lethal virus we know about, once they get to the brain they die (respiratory failure)

24
Q

Rabies treatment

A

inject bite site with rabies antibodies
then inject vaccine into arm
1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after bite

25
Q

Rabies treatment

A

inject bite site with rabies antibodies
then inject vaccine into arm
1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after bite

z. Medical Microbiology (4 decks)

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