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N134 > EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE > Flashcards

EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE Flashcards

1
Q

right side of heart receives blood from the

A

superior and inferior venae cavae

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2
Q

which side of the heart pumps blood through pulmonary arteries to pulmonary circulation?

A

right side

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3
Q

what makes up the apex of the heart?

A

lower left ventricle

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4
Q

heart has 3 layers

A

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

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5
Q

Where is the heart?

A

behind the sternum and above the diaphragm, in mediastinum

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6
Q

pulmonic valve separates

A

the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

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7
Q

mitral valve separates

A

the left atria from the left ventricle

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8
Q

tricuspid valve

A

separates the right atria from the right ventricle

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9
Q

AV valves

A

separate atria from ventricles

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10
Q

diastole

A

ventricles relax and fill with blood from left and right atria

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11
Q

movement of blood from atria to ventricles is accomplished when

A

pressure of blood in atria becomes higher than pressure in ventricles

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12
Q

In diastole, how much blood flows into relaxed ventricles?

A

80%

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13
Q

atrial kick

A

added atrial thrust forcing the remaining 20% of blood into ventricles during diastole

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14
Q

order of electrical impulse through heart

A

SA node, Av node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers

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15
Q

symptoms of left sided heart failure

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary congestion, restlessness, confusion, orthopnea, tachycardia, exertional dyspnea, fatigue, cyanosis

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16
Q

right sided heart failure symptoms

A

fatigue, increased peripheral venous pressure, ascites, enlarged liver and, weight gain, dependent edema

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17
Q

SV x HR =

A

CO

18
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood ejected by heart in one minute (4-6 L)

19
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected by heart each contracton

20
Q

inotropics

A

affect the force of heart muscle contractions. can be positive or negative.

21
Q

vasopressor

A

drug that constricts blood vessels to elevate blood pressure

22
Q

vasodilator

A

opens blood vessels to decrease blood pressure

23
Q

thrombolytics

A

CLOT BUSTERS

24
Q

when are thrombolytics often used?

A

emergency scenarios in order to quickly restore blood flow

25
Q

platelet inhibitors

A

reduce clotting factors

26
Q

lipid-lowering agents

A

reduces levels of unwanted lipids in the blood, particularly cholesterol. reduces the risk of atherosclerosis

27
Q

endarterectomy

A

procedure in which fatty deposits are removed from artery lining

28
Q

Bypass and/or graft surgery

A

a blood vessel is taken from another part of the body to redirect blood flow around a blocked or narrowed artery

29
Q

intra-aortic balloon pump

A

mechanical device that helps the heart pump blood. often used in patients with severe heart failure, or after heart attack

30
Q

ablation therapy

A

targeted areas of heart tissues are destroyed or scarred to treat irregular heart rhythms

31
Q

early manifestations of hypoxia

A

restlessness, confusion, pale skin, tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated BP

32
Q

late signs of hypoxia

A

stupor, cyanotic skin, bradypnea, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac dysrhtyhmias

33
Q

when using supplemental oxygen, how far should you remain from a heat source?

A

5-10 feet

34
Q

RACE

A

rescue, alarm, contain/confine, extinguish

35
Q

describe nasal cannula

A

inserted into nares. low flow delivery system. FiO2 of 24-44%, at a flow rate of 1-6 L / min

36
Q

simple face mask

A

covers nose and mouth. claustrophobic people do not like this. 6-12 L/min. 35 to 50 percent

37
Q

partial rebreather mask

A

covers nose and mouth. 60 to 75 percent, 6-11 L/min

38
Q

non-rebreather mask

A

covers nose and mouth. 80 to 95 percent. 10-15 L/min. keep reservoir bag 2/3 full during inspiration and expiration/ delivers highest oxygen possible next to being intubated

39
Q

venturi mask

A

adaptive. covers nose and mouth. 4-12 L/min at 24 to 50 percent. also provides humidification. we want humidificiation when delivering higher amounts of oxygen so as not to dry out mucous membranes

40
Q

aereosol mask

A

face tent, trach collar. 20 to 100 percent. 10 L/ minute or more. high humidification

41
Q

when should humidifcation be provided with oxygen?

A

over 4 L/min

42
Q
A

N134 (12 decks)

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