EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE

Question 1

right side of heart receives blood from the

Answer 1

superior and inferior venae cavae

Question 2

which side of the heart pumps blood through pulmonary arteries to pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

right side

Question 3

what makes up the apex of the heart?

Answer 3

lower left ventricle

Question 4

heart has 3 layers

Answer 4

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 5

Where is the heart?

Answer 5

behind the sternum and above the diaphragm, in mediastinum

Question 6

pulmonic valve separates

Answer 6

the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

Question 7

mitral valve separates

Answer 7

the left atria from the left ventricle

Question 8

tricuspid valve

Answer 8

separates the right atria from the right ventricle

Question 9

AV valves

Answer 9

separate atria from ventricles

Question 10

diastole

Answer 10

ventricles relax and fill with blood from left and right atria

Question 11

movement of blood from atria to ventricles is accomplished when

Answer 11

pressure of blood in atria becomes higher than pressure in ventricles

Question 12

In diastole, how much blood flows into relaxed ventricles?

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

atrial kick

Answer 13

added atrial thrust forcing the remaining 20% of blood into ventricles during diastole

Question 14

order of electrical impulse through heart

Answer 14

SA node, Av node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers

Question 15

symptoms of left sided heart failure

Answer 15

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary congestion, restlessness, confusion, orthopnea, tachycardia, exertional dyspnea, fatigue, cyanosis

Question 16

right sided heart failure symptoms

Answer 16

fatigue, increased peripheral venous pressure, ascites, enlarged liver and, weight gain, dependent edema

Question 17

SV x HR =

Answer 17

CO

Question 18

cardiac output

Answer 18

amount of blood ejected by heart in one minute (4-6 L)

Question 19

stroke volume

Answer 19

amount of blood ejected by heart each contracton

Question 20

inotropics

Answer 20

affect the force of heart muscle contractions. can be positive or negative.

Question 21

vasopressor

Answer 21

drug that constricts blood vessels to elevate blood pressure

Question 22

vasodilator

Answer 22

opens blood vessels to decrease blood pressure

Question 23

thrombolytics

Answer 23

CLOT BUSTERS

Question 24

when are thrombolytics often used?

Answer 24

emergency scenarios in order to quickly restore blood flow

Question 25

platelet inhibitors

Answer 25

reduce clotting factors

Question 26

lipid-lowering agents

Answer 26

reduces levels of unwanted lipids in the blood, particularly cholesterol. reduces the risk of atherosclerosis

Question 27

endarterectomy

Answer 27

procedure in which fatty deposits are removed from artery lining

Question 28

Bypass and/or graft surgery

Answer 28

a blood vessel is taken from another part of the body to redirect blood flow around a blocked or narrowed artery

Question 29

intra-aortic balloon pump

Answer 29

mechanical device that helps the heart pump blood. often used in patients with severe heart failure, or after heart attack

Question 30

ablation therapy

Answer 30

targeted areas of heart tissues are destroyed or scarred to treat irregular heart rhythms

Question 31

early manifestations of hypoxia

Answer 31

restlessness, confusion, pale skin, tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated BP

Question 32

late signs of hypoxia

Answer 32

stupor, cyanotic skin, bradypnea, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac dysrhtyhmias

Question 33

when using supplemental oxygen, how far should you remain from a heat source?

Answer 33

5-10 feet

Question 34

RACE

Answer 34

rescue, alarm, contain/confine, extinguish

Question 35

describe nasal cannula

Answer 35

inserted into nares. low flow delivery system. FiO2 of 24-44%, at a flow rate of 1-6 L / min

Question 36

simple face mask

Answer 36

covers nose and mouth. claustrophobic people do not like this. 6-12 L/min. 35 to 50 percent

Question 37

partial rebreather mask

Answer 37

covers nose and mouth. 60 to 75 percent, 6-11 L/min

Question 38

non-rebreather mask

Answer 38

covers nose and mouth. 80 to 95 percent. 10-15 L/min. keep reservoir bag 2/3 full during inspiration and expiration/ delivers highest oxygen possible next to being intubated

Question 39

venturi mask

Answer 39

adaptive. covers nose and mouth. 4-12 L/min at 24 to 50 percent. also provides humidification. we want humidificiation when delivering higher amounts of oxygen so as not to dry out mucous membranes

Question 40

aereosol mask

Answer 40

face tent, trach collar. 20 to 100 percent. 10 L/ minute or more. high humidification

Question 41

when should humidifcation be provided with oxygen?

Answer 41

over 4 L/min