MEDICATION ADMINISTRAITON

Question 1

most common errors in healthcare

Answer 1

adverse drug events, burns, equipment failure, falls

Question 2

T or F? 1.5 million people injured each year due to
medication errors……….costing 3.5 billion
annually

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Pharmacology

Answer 3

the study of the effects of drugs on
living organisms

Question 4

Drug Names: 3 different names

Answer 4

Chemical name : refers to the drug chemicals it is made
of, shortened for researchers ( i.e. N-acetyl-para-
aminophenol (Tylenol)
 Generic name: the name given by the manufacturer
who first develops the drug. (i.e. acetaminophen)
(Tylenol). It becomes the official name in the USP.
 Trade or Brand Name: marketing name, given to it by
the maker, has the TM (Tylenol)

Question 5

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

what the
body does to the drug.

Question 6

First Pass Effect

Answer 6

oral drugs pass through liver
and partly metabolize before reaching their
target organ.

Question 7

Factors affecting distribution are:

Answer 7

Circulation - blood flow (PVR, CO)
2.Membrane permeability - lipid solubility
3.Protein binding - plasma proteins

Question 8

what happensif 2 protein binding drugs are given together?

Answer 8

risk for toxicity

Question 9

Half-Life

Answer 9

the time required for the for the
body’s elimination processes to reduce the
drug’s concentration to one-half

Question 10

Peak plasma level

Answer 10

the highest plasma level
achieved by a single dose, when absorption
and elimination are equal

Question 11

trough concentration

Answer 11

lowest level of drug
concentration after administration

Question 12

Maintaining Client’s Rights

Answer 12

Inform patients about all aspects… drug name, purpose,
action of a medication, potential for undesired affects
 To refuse a medication regardless of consequences
 Have qualified nurses and physicians assess medication
history, including allergies
 Advised of experimental nature and give written consent
 Receive labeled medications
 Receive supportive therapy in relation to med therapy
 Not receive unnecessary medications
 To be informed if medication is part of a research study

Question 13

prodrugs

Answer 13

Contain inactive chemicals that are activated through metabolism to exert their therapeutic effects.

Question 14

rights of med administration

Answer 14

right client, right meds, right dose, right route, right time, right assessment, right documentation, right to refuse, right education, right evaluation

Question 15

how long can you wait to give STAT prescriptions?

Answer 15

30 minutes to 1 hour

Question 16

enteric-coated medication

Answer 16

Medications that are formulated to be dissolved and released in the small intestines for a slower release and can be administered less frequently during the day.

Question 17

sustained release medications

Answer 17

tablets designed to release meds slowly over an extended period

Question 18

lipohyperophy

Answer 18

the formation of small lumps beneath the skin due to irritated fatty tissue

Question 19

infiltration

Answer 19

occurs when an infusing intravenous fluid or medication is idadvertently adminstered to surrounding tissue AEB pain, swelling, redness, cool skin temp at insertion site, repeated alarming of IV pump

Question 20

steps of injection

Answer 20

1) prepare syringe. 2)put on gloves. 3) select + clean site 4) remove needle 5) pinch 6) pierce skin quickly, smoothly. 7) aspirate 8) inject 9) remove needle

Question 21

intradermal injections

Answer 21

administering medications to dermal layer of skin to form a wheal

Question 22

sites for intradermal injections

Answer 22

inner lower arm, upper chest, back beneath scapula

Question 23

needle for intradermal injections

Answer 23

25 to 27 gauge and 1/2 to 5/8 inches long

Question 24

TB and allergy tests are an example of what type of injection?

Answer 24

intradermal

Question 25

True or false? Large amount of fluid can be injected intradermally

Answer 25

false. small amounts like 0.1 ml

Question 26

sites for subcutaenous injections

Answer 26

outer aspect of arm, anterior portion of thighs, abdomen, upper back, ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal areas

Question 27

Angle to inch relationship for subcutaneous injections

Answer 27

Pinch 2 inches- 90 degree angle, Pinch an inch-45
degree angle

Question 28

needle sizes for subcutaneous injections

Answer 28

25 to 27gauge and 3/8 to 5/8 inches long

Question 29

True or false : always aspirate heparin

Answer 29

false. never aspirate heparin

Question 30

Where is heparin almost always given?

Answer 30

in the abdomen, 2 inches from the umbilicus

Question 31

types of prescriptions

Answer 31

routine, PRN, now (within 90 minutes) STAT immediately (30 minutes maximum)

Question 32

Break only _____ tablets

Answer 32

scored

Question 33

What types of medications cannot be crushed?

Answer 33

time released, sustained release, enteric coated, sublingual

Question 34

ideally, those who have an NG, G, or J tube should take medications in liquid form. However, sometimes this is not an option. What is the alternative?

Answer 34

crush pills that can be crushed, then dissolve in 30 mL of warm water.

Question 35

If a client’s NG is attached to suction, how long should the suction be turned off before delivering medication?

Answer 35

30 minutes or more

Question 36

Precautions to take before and after giving meds to those with gastric tubes?

Answer 36

Verify placement and residual. Flush with 15-30 ml of water before. Flush again after.

Question 37

how to mix vial medications

Answer 37

1) mix by rotating, not shaking.
2) remove protective cap or clean with alcohol
3) insert needle, inject air
4) aspirate medication
5) recap with one handed method

Question 38

Reconstituting meds in a vial

Answer 38

1) read label to determine type and amount of diluents
2) inject air and aspirate appropriate amount of liquid
3) inject liquid in vial with medication
4) gently roll vial between hands
5) read label to determine drug concentration