Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biopsychology 316 > Exam 5 - 3/28 > Flashcards

Exam 5 - 3/28 Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Schizophrenia –

Abnormalities in development of specific areas of the brain occur _________ and at birth

A

prenatally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Schizophrenia –

Decrease in activity in _________

A

dorsolateral prefrontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Schizophrenia –

- Abnormal migration of neurons in _________

A

temporal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Schizophrenia –
- Abnormal development

These abnormalities involve incorrect migration of _________ in the hippocampus, temporal and frontal lobes during the second trimester

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Schizophrenia –
- Abnormal development

These abnormalities involve incorrect migration of neurons in the _________ , temporal and _________ during the second trimester

A
  • hippocampus

- frontal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Schizophrenia –
- Abnormal development

These abnormalities involve incorrect migration of neurons in the hippocampus, temporal and frontal lobes during the _________ trimester

A

second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Schizophrenia –
- Abnormal development

Neurons do not migrate to _________ areas of cortex but stay in _________ layers

A
  • outer

- deeper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Schizophrenia –
- Abnormal development

In _________ , neurons are not in the usual orderly _________

A
  • hippocampus

- pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schizophrenia –
- Abnormal development

Abnormal migration may be due to deficiency in a protein called _________ that guides _________

A
  • Reelin

- migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Schizophrenia –

Pruning and diminishing of grey matter happening in early _________

A

twenties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

_________ – schizophrenia involves excessive dopamine activity in the brain

A

Dopamine hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

– schizophrenia involves excessive _________ activity in the brain

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

1950s – first use of antipsychotic medication, _________ (thorazine)

A

chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

Chlorpromazine is a dopamine _________-

A

antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

Discovery that _________ psychosis, which is very similar to the symptoms of schizophrenia, is due to _________ dopamine activity

A
  • amphetamine

- excessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

Schizophrenic patients have higher dopamine activity in the _________

A

striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

Efficacy of antipsychotic drugs are related to their ability to act as _________ antagonists (block dopamine activity), particularly at dopamine ___ receptors

A
  • dopamine

- D2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

Efficacy of _________ drugs are related to their ability to act as dopamine _________ (block dopamine activity), particularly at dopamine D2 receptors

A
  • antipsychotic

- antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

chlorpromazine _________

A

(thorazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment

Efficacy of antipsychotic (_________) medications are related to their ability to block dopamine receptors

A

neuroleptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment
–Prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs cause severe side effects

Motor effects caused by blocking dopamine receptors in the _________ and an increased sensitivity of the dopamine ___ receptors causes tardive dyskinesia (tremors and involuntary movements)

A
  • basal ganglia

- D2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment
–Prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs cause severe side effects

Motor effects caused by blocking _________ receptors in the basal ganglia and an _________ sensitivity of the dopamine D2 receptors causes tardive dyskinesia (tremors and involuntary movements)

A
  • dopamine

- increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Schizophrenia – Treatment
–Prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs cause severe side effects

Motor effects caused by blocking dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia and an increased sensitivity of the dopamine D2 receptors causes _________ (tremors and involuntary movements)

A

tardive dyskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Schizophrenia – side effects

tardive dyskinesia ( _________ and _________ movements)

A
  • tremors

- involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Schizophrenia – side effects New antipsychotic drugs – _________ antipsychotics Less specific for dopamine D2 receptors so side effects not apparent unless high doses used
atypical
26
Schizophrenia – side effects New antipsychotic drugs – atypical antipsychotics _________ specific for dopamine D2 receptors so side effects not apparent unless _________ doses used
- Less | - high
27
Schizophrenia – side effects New antipsychotic drugs – atypical antipsychotics _____% more effective than older antipsychotic drugs
15 – 25
28
Schizophrenia – side effects New antipsychotic drugs – atypical antipsychotics - Effective even in some _________ resistant patients - Effective in patients with _________ symptoms
- treatment | - negative
29
Schizophrenia - -Issues with the dopamine hypothesis Despite dopamine receptor blockade by antipsychotic drugs, _________ % of patients do not improve
30 - 40
30
Schizophrenia - -Issues with the dopamine hypothesis Some patients have a deficit of _________ and have chronic symptoms that do not respond to treatment
-dopamine
31
Schizophrenia - -Issues with the dopamine hypothesis Antipsychotic drugs immediately block dopamine D2 receptors but their therapeutic effects do not occur for ___ weeks
2 – 3
32
Schizophrenia _________ – reduced glutamate activity plays a role in schizophrenia
Glutamate theory
33
Schizophrenia Reduced _________ activity plays a role in schizophrenia
glutamate
34
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – Patients who had improvement in _________ symptoms showed increased glutamate levels but patients who did not improve did not have increases in _________
- negative | - glutamate
35
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – Patients who had improvement in negative symptoms showed _________ glutamate levels but patients who did not improve did not have _________ in glutamate
- increased | - increases
36
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – Atypical antipsychotics increase _________ levels by reducing the _________ of glutamate
- glutamate | - uptake
37
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – _________ inhibits glutamate receptors (NMDA) and at high doses causes both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust)
38
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) inhibits _________ receptors (NMDA) and at high doses causes both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia
glutamate
39
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) inhibits glutamate receptors (NMDA) and at _________ doses causes both _________ symptoms of schizophrenia
- high | - negative and positive
40
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – PCP can cause a _________ in patients who have recovered from schizophrenia
relapse
41
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – Dopamine imbalance in schizophrenia may be caused by reduced glutamate activity in _________
prefrontal cortex
42
Schizophrenia Glutamate theory – Both dopamine and glutamate are likely to play a role in _________
schizophrenia
43
Affective Disorders- _________ – sadness to the point of hopelessness for weeks, lose ability to enjoy life, relationships, and sex, loss of energy and appetite, slowness of thought, and sleep disturbances
Major depression
44
Affective Disorders- Major depression – sadness to the point of hopelessness for _________, lose ability to enjoy _________, relationships, and sex, loss of energy and appetite, slowness of thought, and sleep disturbances
- weeks | - life
45
Affective Disorders- Major depression – sadness to the point of hopelessness for weeks, lose ability to enjoy life, relationships, and sex, loss of _________ and appetite, slowness of _________ , and sleep disturbances
- energy | - thought
46
Affective Disorders- Major depression – Sometimes accompanied by _________ and _________
- agitation | - restlessness
47
Affective Disorders- Major depression – Caused by stress or may _________ have a precipitating event -Highly stressful events often trigger first _________
- not | - episode
48
Affective Disorders- _________ – excess energy and confidence, grandiose schemes, decreased need for sleep, increased sexual drive, often involves abuse of drugs, loss of inhibitions
Mania
49
Affective Disorders- Mania – excess energy and confidence, _________ schemes, decreased need for _________, increased sexual drive, often involves abuse of drugs, loss of inhibitions
- grandiose | - sleep
50
Affective Disorders- Mania – excess energy and confidence, grandiose schemes, decreased need for sleep, increased sexual drive, often involves abuse of _________ , loss of _________
- drugs | - inhibitions
51
Affective Disorders- _________ – alternation between depression and mania
Bipolar disorder
52
Affective Disorders- Bipolar disorder – Patients can have _________ symptoms – delusions, hallucinations, _________ , bizarre behavior
- psychotic | - paranoia
53
Affective Disorders- Bipolar disorder – Mania is usually associated with bouts of _________, mania without depression is _________
- depression | - rare
54
Affective Disorders- ___% lifetime risk of a mood disorder
20
55
Affective Disorders- Cost estimated at almost $___ billion a year in US
19
56
Affective Disorders- Major depression- - _________ more susceptible to depression than _________ (two – three times more likely) - Peak risk for women is age 35 – 45 - Risk increases with age in men
- Women | - men
57
Affective Disorders- Major depression- - Women more susceptible to depression than men (two – three times more likely) - Peak risk for women is age _________ - Risk increases with age in _________
- 35 – 45 | - men
58
Affective Disorders- Bipolar disorder- Occurs equally in men and women Peak risk – early _________
20s - 30
59
Affective Disorders- Genetic Studies Increased incidence of affective disorders among _________ of a person with an affective disorder
relatives
60
Affective Disorders- Genetic Studies Identical twin of an affected person has a ___% probability
69
61
Affective Disorders- Genetic Studies Fraternal twin ___% probability
13
62
Affective Disorders- Genetic Studies Risk is not altered significantly by being reared in a different _________
environment
63
Depression- Genetic Studies Involves a genetic component which is slightly greater in _________ than _________
- women | - men
64
Depression- Genetic Studies Relatives of women with _________ depression (before 30) more likely to develop depression
early-onset
65
Depression- Genetic Studies Genes associated with depression are _________ in men and women
different
66
Depression- Genetic Studies Mutation in _________ gene decreases synthesis of serotonin – occurs 10 times more frequently in severely depressed people and these individuals are _________ to treatment with serotonin uptake inhibitors
- hTPH2 | - resistant
67
Depression- Genetic Studies Mutation in hTPH2 gene _________ synthesis of serotonin – occurs ___ times more frequently in severely depressed people and these individuals are resistant to treatment with serotonin uptake inhibitors
- decreases | - 10
68
- LAST CARD - Depression- Genetic Studies Mutation in hTPH2 gene decreases synthesis of _________ – occurs 10 times more frequently in severely depressed people and these individuals are resistant to treatment with serotonin uptake _________
- serotonin | - inhibitors

Biopsychology 316 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions