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a&p 1 > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Meninges inner layer. Thin layer with vessels that nourish the brain & spinal cord
-attached to surface & follows contours

A

Pia mater

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2
Q

Meninges middle layer. A vascular weblike membrane

A

Arachnoid mater

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3
Q

This is below the arachnoid layer & contains cerebrospinal fluid

A

Subarachnoid space

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4
Q

Meninges outer layer. Dense irregular CT

Terminates at the 2nd sacral vertebrae

A

Dura mater

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5
Q

This is between rural sheath & bony walls of vertebrae where it contains loose CT & fat

A

Epidural space

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6
Q

This is below dura mater

A

Subdural space

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7
Q

Cavities within the brain; lined with ependymal cells; contains cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ventricles

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8
Q

Masses of capillaries from pia mater that project into ventricles & and secretes CSF

A

Choroid plexus

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9
Q

Finger like structures from subarachnoid space that project into blood filled dural sinuses

A

Arachnoid granulations

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10
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

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11
Q

Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

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12
Q

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal & parietal

A

Lateral sulcus

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13
Q

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

A

Transverse fissure

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14
Q

Separates hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

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15
Q

Outer layer of gray matter in cerebral hemisphere

A

Cerebral cortex

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16
Q

In parietal gyri of frontal lobes

A

Primary motor cortex

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17
Q

Small area of frontal lobe usually of left hemisphere that controls speech ( muscle movement)

A

Broca’s area

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18
Q

Above bocas’s area, controls voluntary eye movement

A

Frontal eye field

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19
Q

Receives sensory stimuli & identifies body region being stimulated.

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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20
Q

Lies posterior to primary & integrates sensory inputs to increase understanding

A

Somatosensory association cortex

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21
Q

Connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres

A

Commissural tracts

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22
Q

Connect different parts of the same hemisphere

A

Association tracts

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23
Q

Connect cerebral hemispheres to lower brain or cord centers

A

Projection tracts

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24
Q

Most people have ____ ________ dominant for language & reasoning

A

Left hemisphere

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25
Pairs of irregular masses of gray matter within the white matter of the cerebrum - help regulate motor activity, reducing unwanted movement
Basal nuclei
26
Involved in emotional expressions, moods, control of behavior
Amygdala
27
The diencephalon is composed Mosley of ____ ______
Gray matter
28
Connects paired oval gray matter masses to the 3rd ventricle
Interthalamic adhesion
29
Stalk of hypothalamus that connects to pituitary gland
Infundibulum
30
The thalamus is the ______ to the cerebral cortex
Gateway
31
Extends from the posterior border & secrets melatonin
Pineal gland
32
The hypothalamus is the heart of the ____ system
Limbic
33
Midbrain contains the inferior & superior _____ which represents the ____ & ______ reflex centers respectively.
Colliculi Visual; auditory
34
Mostly conduction tracts connecting higher brain to spinal cord
Pons
35
Controls autonomic functions
Medulla oblongata
36
Where most fibers cross over to opposite side
Decussation of the pyramids
37
What does the cerebellum provide?
Timing & patterns to skeletal muscles for coordinated movement
38
Connects 2 cerebellar hemispheres
Vermis
39
Small ridges in the cerebellum
Folia
40
White pattern resembles tree branches in the cerebellum
Arbor vitae
41
3 paired fibers tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem
Cerebellar peduncles
42
Connects the cerebellum to the midbrain
Superior peduncles
43
Connect the pons to the cerebellum
Middle peduncle
44
Connects the medulla to the cerebellum
Inferior peduncles
45
The lambic system is the ____ brain and incorporates starters surrounding the ____
Emotional ; diencephalon
46
The ___ keeps us alert with a constant stream of impulses
Reticular activating system (RAS)
47
Tapering cone-shaped end
Conus medullares
48
Arises from end- an extension of pia mater that anchors cord to coccyx
Filum terminale
49
Filum terminale & lower spinal nerves
Cauda equine (horsetail)
50
Cell bodies of inter neurons & axons of sensory neurons
Posterior horns
51
Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons going to skeletal muscles
Anterior horns
52
(T1-L2) are cell bodies of automatic motor neurons going to cardiac & smooth muscle & glands
Lateral horns
53
Central bar of the H, connects the 2 sides (wings) surrounds the central canal
Gray commissure
54
What is a nerve tract?
Each funicular has bundles of longitudinal myelinated nerve fibers (axon) that make up nerve tracts
55
Impulse go toward brain
Ascending (sensory) tracts
56
Impulse down cord away from brain
Descending (motor) tracts
57
How many spinal nerves are there?
31
58
What are the kinds of spinal nerves?
Cervical (8) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacral ( 5) coccygeal (1)
59
How are nerves named and numbered?
According to region and level of spins, cord from which they emerge
60
What type of axons attach at the posterior (dorsal) root of the spinal cord?
Sensory axons
61
What type of axons attach at the anterior (ventral) root of the spinal cord?
Motor axons
62
What is a plexus?
Network of nerves of the anterior & motor neurons
63
Simplest reflex between sensory & motor neurons
Monosynaptic reflex
64
Involves more than one synapses & 2 types of neurons
Polysnaptic reflex
65
Interneurons in reflex center of spinal cord pass impulse to opposite side to produce opposite effect (contra lateral)
Crossed extensor reflex
66
What is the main difference between somatic and automatic nervous system?
Somatic is conscious control and auto is not
67
Where does somatic motor neurons send its impulses to?
Striated muscle fibers
68
Where does a autonomic motor neuron send its impulses to?
A muscle, gland, or other effector tissue
69
Maintains homeostasis at rest "resting & digesting"
Parasympathetic division
70
Prepares bodies for emergencies "fight or flight"
Sympathetic division
71
If the sympathetic trunk is a overall necklace, the string is ____ and the pearls are ____ containing _____.
Bundles of axons Sympathetic trunk ganglia Ganglionic nerve cell bodies
72
Carry nerve fibers to the sympathetic trunk
White rami
73
Return to the spinal cord, which is followed until it reaches its target organ
Gray rami
74
Choline rigid receptors release the neurotransmitter_______?
Acetylcholine (ach)
75
Where are cholinergic neurons found?
Skin, sweat, glands, & blood vessels in skeletal muscle
76
Adrenergic receptors release the neurotransmitter ____?
Norepinephrine (NE)
77
The command center for the autonomic nervous system is the ____?
Hypothalamus
78
What are the 4 main regions of the brain?
- cerebrum (largest section) - brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla, oblongata) - diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus) - cerebellum

a&p 1 (3 decks)

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