Exam 7 L. 14

Question 1

Nasal tumors

Answer 1

1) most are malignant
2) uncommon
3) should be on DDX list for nasal discharge in older dogs and cats
4) dog average age is about 10 years
5) Dolichocephalic breeds predisposed 2-3x increased if they live in a smoking household
6) risk increases 2-4x with use of kerosene/coal heaters indoors

NOTE: urban lifestyle, kerosene/coal burning heaters, secondhand smoke: increase the risk for nasal tumors for dogs and cats!

Question 2

Most common nasal tumors

Answer 2

Carcinomas (70%) >fibrosarcoma >chondrosarcoma >osteosarcoma

Question 3

Nasal tumor clinical presentation

Answer 3

1) intermittent, progressive, chronic nasal discharge
2) epistaxis, mucopurulent
3) unilateral >bilateral
4) CNS signs (if nasal tumor is near cribiform plate, will have seizures and no epistaxis)
5) nasal cavity obstruction, Stertor
6) facial deformity, dyspnea
7) cough

Question 4

Nasal tumor possible differential list

Answer 4

Differentials: tooth root abscess, inflammatory polyp, fungal/bacterial infection, lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis, coagulopathies

Question 5

Diagnosis

Answer 5

1) physical exam and good oral exam
2) check airway patency
3) pre-biopsy coagulation tests
4) evaluation of nasal exudate is valuable
5) rhinoscopy with biopsy
6) advanced imaging is more accurate than just radiographs

Question 6

Radiographic signs of nasal tumor

Answer 6

Most common sign is loss of turbinate detail (this can also be caused by fungal infection)

Question 7

Remember

Answer 7

Cribiform plate is close to the level of the medial canthus of the eye

Question 8

Hydropopulsion

Answer 8

Forceful nasal flushing ==> increases breathing ease and is a palliative procedure

Question 9

Prognosis

Answer 9

1) surgery alone: outcome similar to no therapy/may make it worse
2) radiation therapy: 20 months

Question 10

Feline nasal tumor

Answer 10

1) lymphoma >carcinoma
2) radiation therapy 1st choice for cats
- lymphoma: RT plus CHOP therapy: MST 2-3 years