Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Exam 8: Antivirals > Flashcards

Exam 8: Antivirals Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Gamma Globulin Mechanism

A

Prevent attachment and penetration of viral particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gamma globulin adverse effects?

A

Systemic anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pavilizumab

A

Monoclonal Antibody to RSV

Used in high risk infants by IV administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amantidine Mechanism

A

Blocks the M2 viral protein and causes buffering of the endosomal pH, preventing viral penetration and uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amantidine Uses (2)

A
  1. Influenza A Respiratory tract illness (Not effective against B)
  2. Also used as an Antiparkinsonian agent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What surface Antigens are used to type Influenza?

A

Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
(example: H1N1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Neuraminidase important for?

A

A cleavage reaction required for release of virions from infected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Hemagglutinin important for?

A

Attachment of the virus to silica acid residues on the cell (important for penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Zanamivir mechanism

A

Inhibits neuraminidase of Influenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Zanimivir uses

A

Influenza A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oseltamivir Mechanism

A

Inhibits neuraminidase of Influenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between Zanamivir and Oseltamivir?

A

Oseltamivir can be taken orally and reaches places other than the respiratory tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ribavirin Mechanism

A

Purine analog

Inhibits viral RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ribavirin Uses (2)

A
  1. RSV in infants and young children

2. Chronic Hepatitis C (with IFN alpha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ribavirin Adverse Effects

A

Teratogenic

Pregnant healthcare workers should avoid caring for patients receiving aerosolized Ribavirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trifluridine Mechanism

A 
Pyrimidine analog (Thymidine)
Inhibits viral DNA synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trifluridine Uses

A

HSV1 and 2

Used topically for HSV keratoconjunctivitis or keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trifluridine Adverse Effects

A

Teratogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acyclovir Mechanism

A

Purine Analog derived from Guanine
Must be phosphorylated to be active (done by Herpes’ intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase)
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is Acyclovir selective?

A

It must be activated by a viral Tyrosine kinase.

Makes it non toxic to normal human cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a problem with Acyclovir use?

A

Resistance is starting to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acyclovir uses

A

IV against Herpes viruses (all kinds of manifestations)
Topical agains mucocutaneous and keratitis caused by herpes
Also taken orally for VZV and herpes in the immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gancyclovir Uses

A

Cytomegalovirus retinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gancyclovir Adverse effects (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Teratogenic and carcinogenic
  2. Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia
  3. Myelosuppression
25
Foscarnet mechanism
Inhibits Viral DNA polymerase
26
Foscarnet use
used for cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients!
27
Foscarnet advise effect
Renal Toxicity
28
Name 3 Hep B drugs
Lamivudine Tenofovir Emtricitabine
29
Interferon Alpha Mechanism
Alarm Molecule Signals neighboring cells to prepare to defend themselves form viral infection. Cells produce enzymes that inhibit viral transcription, translation, protein processing, and virus maturation.
30
Interferon alpha uses
1. Cutaneous warts 2. Herpes keratoconjunctavitis 3. Hepatitis B and C (+ribavirin) 4. Also some cancers (bladder, karposi, hairy cell lymphoma)
31
Interferon alpha adverse effects
``` mild/moderate flu like syndrome muscle pain NV etc. ```
32
What are 5 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
``` Zidovudine Didanosine Lamivudine Abacavir Emtricitabine ```
33
Name 1 nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Tenofovir | NucleoTide--Tenofovir
34
Name 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Efavirenz
35
Name 5 Protease Inhibitors
``` Ritonavir Indinavir Nelfinavir Lopinavir Atazanavir *** They all end in NAVIR ```
36
Zidovudine Mechanism
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)
37
Zidovudine Pharmacokinetics
Good CNS penetration
38
Zidovudine Adverse Effects (2)
1. GI disturbances | 2. Bone marrow Toxicity
39
What drug is used to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child?
Zidovudine
40
What is a major use of Zidovudine?
To prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child
41
Didanosine Mehcanism
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)
42
Didanosine Adverse Effects (3)
1. Peripheral Neuropathy 2. Pancreatitis 3. GI effects
43
Lamivudine Mechanism
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)
44
Lamivudine Advantage
Less toxic than other drugs | Also treats Hep B
45
Abacavir mechanism
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)
46
How do non nucleoside RTIs work?
they bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and inhibit its activity
47
Emtricitabine Mechanism
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)
48
Emtricitabine Adverse effect
Pigmentation of palms of hands and soles of feet
49
Tenofovir Mechanism
NucleoTide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)
50
Tenofovir use besides HIV
Hep B
51
What is a pharmacokinetic interaction with non nucleoside RTIs?
p450 metabolism
52
Efavirenz
Non nucleoside RTI metabolized by p450 Cause headache, rash, insomnia Also can cause neural tube defects
53
Adverse effects of Ritonavir
NVD | Paresthesias
54
Use of Ritonivir
Boost serum concentrate of other PIs
55
Adverse effect of Indinavir
Nephrolithiasis
56
Nelfinavir adverse effects
GI problems
57
What are the preferred PIs for naive patients?
Ritonavir boosted Atazanavir
58
What are the preferred NRTI treatments for naive patients? (2)
1. Abacavir/Lamivudine | 2. Emtricitabine/Tenofovir

Pharmacology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions