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Abnormal Psychology > Exam Covering Chapters 15-18 > Flashcards

Exam Covering Chapters 15-18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Asperger’s Disorder

A

High functioning autism

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2
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

Communication and social interaction problems, and restricted, repetitive behaviors

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3
Q

Intelectual disability

A

deficitis in intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, and before 18yr

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4
Q

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A

test’s rating of an individual’s intellectual ability

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5
Q

Normal distribution

A

bell shaped curve

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6
Q

Standard deviation

A

standard deviation from the mean

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7
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Extra chromosome that fails to separate during cell devision, substantial variation in their intellectual level

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8
Q

Fragile-X Syndrome

A

weakening of break on one arm of the X sex chromosome

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9
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

abnormally high levels of the amino acid phenylalanine, normal at birth, foods with this will build up and cause brain damage

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10
Q

Fetal Alcohol syndrome

A

retarded physical development, a small head, narrow eyes, cardiac defects and cognitive impairment, mild to normal intellectual ability

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11
Q

Cultural-familial retardation

A

intellectual disabilities of unknown etiology

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12
Q

Eugenics

A

movement dedicated to the “genetic improvement” of the human stock

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13
Q

normalization

A

people with intellectual disabilities are entitles to live as much as a normal life as possible

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14
Q

Mainstreaming

A

placing children with intellectual disabilities in the classroom with everyone else, rather than special taught classes

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15
Q

Savant performance

A

an exceptional ability in a highly specialized area of functioning

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16
Q

developmental psychology

A

abnormal behavior within the context of normal development

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17
Q

Developmental Norms

A

behavior that is typical for children of a given age

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18
Q

Externalizing disorders

A

difficulties for the child’s external world

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19
Q

Internalizing disorder

A

psychological problems that primarily affect the child’s internal world

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20
Q

Hyperactivity

A

involves squirming, fidgeting, and restless behavior

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21
Q

Attention deficits

A

Distractibility, frequent shifts from one uncompleted activity to another, careless mistakes, poor organization or effort, and general “spaciness”

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22
Q

Oppositional defiant disorder

A

a pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior

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23
Q

Learning disability

A

students who perform substantially below their ability in a specific area of learning

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24
Q

Conduct disorder

A

persistant, and repetitive pattern of serious rule violations, most of which are illegal and antisocial

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25
Status offenses
acts that are illegal only because of the child's age
26
Temperament
behavioral characteristics, activity level, emotionality, and sociability
27
representative sample
sample that accurately represents some larger group of people
28
Coercion
interaction in which parents and children reciprocally reinforce children misbehavior and parent capitulation
29
Psychostimulants
medications that increase central nervous system activity
30
recidivism
repeat offending
31
Separation anxiety disorder
excessive worry for the safety of an attachment figure, fears of getting lost or being kidnapped, nightmares with separation themes, and refusal to be alone
32
Anxious attachments
fearful about exploration and are not easily comforted by their attachment figures
33
resilience
their ability to bounce back
34
Emotion regulation
process of learning to identify, evaluate, and control your feelings
35
Life-cycle Transitions:
Adult life, Family transitions, transition to later life
36
Transition to adult life issues
identity, career, and relationships
37
Family transition
middle adult years, happy events like first child, and/or sad events like divorce
38
Transition to later life
retirement, grief over lost loved ones, conflicts about aging, mortality, life one has lived
39
Adjustment disorders
clinically significant symptoms in response to stress that are not severe enough to warrant classification as a mental disorder
40
Identity crisis resolution
a comprehensive answer to the question "Who am I?"
41
Social clocks
age related goals for ourselves (like achievements accomplished on time)
42
Identity crisis
psychological conflict to the transition to adult life
43
Moratorium
a time of uncertainty about themselves and their goals
44
Family life cycle
developmental course of family relationships throughout life
45
Heritability
the relative contribution of genes to a characteristic
46
heritability ratio
variance due to genetic factors/total variance
47
Gene environment correlation
an association between inborn propensities and environmental experiences
48
ageism
misconceptions and prejudices about aging
49
Menopause
cessation of menstruation
50
Bereavement
form of grieving in response to death of a loved one
51
gerontology
multidisciplinary study of aging
52
Expert witnesses
specialists allowed to testify about matters of opinion
53
criminal responsibility
because people act out of free will they are accountable for their actions when they violate the law
54
Insanity
exception to criminal responsibility
55
Insanity defense
mental disability should limit criminal responsibility
56
Competence
defendants ability to understand the legal proceedings that are taking place against them and to participate in their own defense
57
Civil commitment
the involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill
58
base rates
population frequencies
59
Informed consent (1)
Clinician must tell a patient about a procedure and its risks
60
Informed consent (2)
the patient understands the information and freely consents to the procedure
61
Informed consent (3)
the patient must be competent to give consent
62
Outpatient commitment
mandatory court-ordered treatment in the community
63
Advance psychiatric directives
legal instruments to declare their treatment preferences, or appoint a surrogate to make decisions for them
64
deinstitutionalization
embraced the philosophy that many patients can be better red for in their community than in a large mental hospital
65
professional responsibilities
Obligations to meet the ethical standards of their profession and to uphold the laws of the state in which they practice in
66
Confidentiality
the ethical obligation not to reveal private communications

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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