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Abnormal Psychology > EXAM Covering Chapters 5-8 > Flashcards

EXAM Covering Chapters 5-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Affect

A

the pattern of observable behaviors, such as facial expression, that are associated with these subjective feelings

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2
Q

Mood

A

a pervasive and sustained emotional response that can color the way you perceive the world

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3
Q

depressed mood

A

Feelings of disappointment and despair

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4
Q

Clinical Depression

A

a depressed mood is accompanied by several other symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of energy, difficulty sleeping, and changes in appetite

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5
Q

Mania

A

opposite emotional state of depression, accompanied with a euphoric feeling

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6
Q

Mood disorders

A

periods of time in which the persons behavior is in either a depressed or manic mood

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7
Q

depressive disorders

A

person only experiences episodes of depression

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8
Q

bipolar disorder

A

person experiences episodes of mania as well as depression

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9
Q

Dysphoric

A

Depressed or unpleasant mood

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10
Q

Somatic Symptoms of mood disorders

A

the psychological disorder effects the physical body not just your mood

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11
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A

behavior that accompanies depression; slowed movement, walk and talk as if in slow motion, pausing for an expended period of time before answering questions

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12
Q

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

A

depressive disorder that represents a chronic mild depressive condition that has been present for many years without a major depressive episode

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13
Q

Hypomania

A

episodes of increased energy that are not sufficiently severe to qualify as full blown mania

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14
Q

Cyclothymia

A

chronic, but less severe form of bipolar

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15
Q

Melancholia

A

severe type of depression, unremitting, vegetative state, (ECT?, Bio treatments)

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16
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

in which the onset of episodes is regularly associated with the change of the seasons

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17
Q

remission

A

when a persons symptoms are diminished or improved

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18
Q

Relapse

A

is a return of active symptoms in a person that has recovered from a pervious episode

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19
Q

Ruminative style

A

responding to feelings of depression by turning their attention inward, contemplating the cause and implications of their depression, ex. writing in a journal

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20
Q

Distracting style

A

responding to depression by focusing on hobbies and sports and becoming more involved to draw their attention away from the depression

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21
Q

Analogue studies

A

focus on behaviors that resemble mental disorders that appear in the natural environment

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22
Q

SSRI’s

A

inhibit the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic nerve ending, causing the serotonin pathways to have an increased amount of serotonin

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23
Q

Tricyclics antidepressants

A

inhibits reuptake of several neurotransmitters, have more side effects than SSRI’s

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24
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

prevents breakdown of several neurotransmitters, not used as commonly because you have to avoid cheese and chocolate, and often develop high blood pressure

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25
lithium carbonate
first choice in treating bipolar disorder
26
Fear
Specific, realistic, present, adaptive
27
anxiety
General, out of proportion, future, maladaptive
28
Worry
Uncontrollable thoughts of future danger
29
Panic attack
Sudden, overwhelming terror
30
Phobias
Irrational, focused anxiety, avoidance
31
Specific Phobia
marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety
32
Social anxiety disorder
focused on social situations in which the person may closely be observed or evaluated by other people
33
Agoraphobia
fear of the market place or places of assembly, fear of public spaces
34
Panic disorder
a person experiences recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with at least one followed by another within the next month
35
generalized anxiety disorder
excessive anxiety and worry are the primary symptoms
36
Preparedness model
fear of certain stimuli that is more easily learned than others because hundreds of years ago we evolved to learn this faster, like fear of snakes, spiders, heights
37
situational exposure
treat agoraphobic people, where the person repeatedly confronts the situation they fear
38
interoceptive exposure
the process is accomplished by having the person engage in standardized exercises that are known to produce the physical attributes of a panic attack, and teach how to control them.
39
Breathing retraining
education about the physiological effects of hyperventilating and practice in slow breathing techniques
40
Obsessions
Repetitive, unwanted thoughts
41
Compulsions
Compelled repetitive actions that reduce anxiety (Not pleasurable; NOT “compulsive” gambling)
42
dissociation
the disruption of the normally integrated mental processes involved in memory, consciousness, identity, or perception
43
Traumatic stress
an event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence to self or witnessing others experience trauma
44
Acute stress disorder (ASD)
occurs within a month after exposure to a traumatic stress
45
Post traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)
last longer than one month and sometimes has a delayed onset
46
Flashbacks
sudden memories during which the trauma is replayed in images or thoughts
47
Differences between people with and without PTSD are...
Correlations, apparently due to preexisting differences not due to brain damage from the trauma
48
meaning-making
finding value or reason for having endured a trauma
49
Critical incident stress debriefing
a single one to five hour group meeting offered one to three days after a disaster
50
dissociative disorders
persistent mal adaptive disruptions in the integration of memory, consciousness, or identity
51
dissociative fugue
unplanned travel, the inability to remember details about past and confusion about identity of the assumption of a new identity
52
hysteria
frustrated sexual desires, particularly in woman desire to have a baby, cause the unusual symptoms
53
Hypnosis
loss of control over their actions in response to suggestions from the hypnotist
54
rational system
a system of information processing, that uses abstract, logical knowledge to solve complex problems over time
55
experimental system
a system of information processing that uses intuitive knowledge to respond to problems immediately without delay of thought
56
Explicit memory
conscious recollection
57
implicit memory
is unconscious and evident only because past experience can change behavior
58
Derealization/depersonalization disorder
feelings of unreality or detachment from the environment
59
dissociative amnesia
the partial or complete loss of recall for particular events or for a particular period of time, personal information, that exceeds forgetfulness
60
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
formerly known as multiple personality disorder, and is the existence of two or more distinct personalities in a single individual
61
retrospective reports
evaluations of the past from the vantage of the present, that may be selectively recalled, distorted, or even created to confirm a clinician's expectations
62
state dependent learning
learning that takes place in one state or affect or consciousness is bested recalled in that same state, affect, or consciousness
63
iatrogenesis
the manufacture of a disorder by its treatment
64
somatice symptom disorders
physical symptoms are prominent and accompanied by impairing psychological distress
65
conversion disorder
emotions converted into physical symptoms
66
Illness anxiety disorder
fear or belief that one is suffering from a physical illness but physical symptoms are either absent or minor
67
Body dysmorphic disorder
preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance
68
malingering
pretending to have a physical illness in order to achieve some external gain such as disability
69
factitious disorder
a feigned condition that, unlike malingering, is motivated primarily by a desire to assume the sick role rather than by a desire for external gain
70
behavioral medicine
includes bother medical and mental health professionals who focus on psychological influences on the symptoms, causes, and treatment of physical illness
71
Stress
a challenging event that requires physiological, cognitive, or behavioral adaptation
72
primary appraisal
our evaluation of the challenge, threat, or harm posed by an event
73
secondary appraisal
our assessment of our abilities and resources for coping with the event
74
Two hormones Adrenal glands release
epinephrine, and norepinephrine which activate cortisol
75
Cortisol
"stress hormone", functions quickly to help the body make repairs in response to injury or infection
76
psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
investigates the relation between stress and immune function
77
homeostasis
the tendency to return to a steady state of normal functioning
78
generaladaptation syndrome (GAS)
consists of 3 stages, alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
79
problem-focused coping
involves attempts to change a stressor
80
Emotion-focused coping
is an attempt to alter internal distress
81
ways to reduce stress
predictability, control, outlets for frustration, optimism, repression(not healthy)
82
Resilience
the ability to cope successfully with the challenges of life
83
Health behavior
is any action that promotes good health
84
illness behavior
behaving as if you are sick
85
longitudinal study
studying people repeatedly over time
86
cross-sectional study
people are studied at only one point in time
87
Stages of Grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
88
Stress: General adaptation syndrome
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion | out of gas and keep trying to start car
89
Stress: Overwhelms homeostasis
can't idle down (like car on a cold morning)
90
stress: uses energy that impairs body functioning
cooling lubricants can't keep up
91
Stress: Health behavior
Indirect effect, poor driving, ignoring maintenance

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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