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BCNS Test Prep > Exam Edge Qs > Flashcards

Exam Edge Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What can contaminate herbs/herbal products?

A

Heavy metals
Pesticides
Microorganisms in cultivation
Improper/inadequate storage

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2
Q

In terms of ethical considerations for research, what conflicts of interest must be stated?

A

Present and potential

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3
Q

Elevated bilirubin is ___toxic.

A

neurotoxic

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3
Q

Currently, ________________% of calories in U.S. diets should be derived from fat.

A

30%
**7% of saturated fats, 8% polyunsaturated fats and 15% monounsaturated fats

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4
Q

Vitamin K is often given to patients after extensive anticoagulant therapy because

A

antidote for anticoagulant overdose
anticoagulants destroy intestinal bacteria
treat hemorrhage

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5
Q

What should a person on a low residue diet avoid?

A

Dried and fruits and vegetables

Other things to avoid include: whole-grain breads and cereals, legumes, coconut, marmalade, tough meats, rich pastries, milk (unless allowed by physician), meats and fish with tough connective tissue, and potato skin.

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6
Q

Vitamin K is found in what dietary sources?

A

Leafy greens
Green vegetables
Animal tissue

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7
Q

Smokers should consume how much vitamin C per day?

A

M: 125 mg per day.
F: 110 mg per day.

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8
Q

Which two minerals work together to form hemoglobin?

A

Copper and iron

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9
Q

What is achalasia?

A

A disorder of the esophagus where the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax to allow passage of food into the stomach and peristalsis of the esophagus is reduced or absent.
Complications: regurgitation, reflux, aspiration, perforation
Symptoms: regurgitation, chest pain, cough, difficulty swallowing, heartburn, unintentional weight loss

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10
Q

Taking Prozac may deplete the supply of, increase the need for, or interfere with the activity of _____.

A

Melatonin

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11
Q

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a congenital defect resulting in the inability to metabolize _______, ________, and_________.

A

leucine, isoleucine, valine

Genetic Mutations (autosomal recessive): BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT

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12
Q

Indicators of stress include?

A

Suppressed immunity
Increases in blood sugar
Increased levels of cortisol
Increases in blood cholesterol levels
Increase in blood pressure
Bone loss

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13
Q

A deficiency of which mineral can increase cholesterol and blood pressure?

A

Copper

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14
Q

A patient with familial combined hyperlipidemia (hyperlipoproteinemia type 2B) will have lipid levels that include…
Total cholesterol less than ___ mg/dl,
LDL cholesterol less than ___ mg/dl,
TG levels less than ___ mg/dl,
HDL cholesterol of __-__ mg/dl

A

400 mg/dl,
320 mg/dl,
800 mg/dl,
30-45 mg/dl

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15
Q

Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis often have hyper_______, hypo______, and low liver ____ concentrations.

A

hyperzincuria,
hypozincemia,
zinc

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16
Q

The Somogyi effect is…?

A

hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia. It is caused by the release of counter-regulatory hormones, especially as insulin activity declines.

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17
Q

Copper deficiency may result from…?

A

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Prior vitamin B12 deficiency
Intestinal malabsorption from gastric resection or bariatric surgery
Zinc overload

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18
Q

The fetus increases its hemoglobin level to ___-___ grams per 100 ml of blood, compared to the normal human hemoglobin level of ___-___ mg per 100 ml of blood.

A

20-22 grams per 100 ml of blood
13-18 g per 100 ml of blood (number varies within studies)

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19
Q

Diets high in _____ fiber are recommended to manage diverticulosis?

A

Insoluble

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20
Q

In addition to sulfur- and non-sulfur-containging compounds, garlic contains what antibiotic? …and what antifungal?

A

allicin
phytoncide

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21
Q

What foods should be avoided for those with PKU?

A

Meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, dried beans, and peas.

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22
Q

What foods are acceptable for those with PKU?

A

Low-phenylalanine formulas
Fruits
Vegetables
Cereals

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23
Q

Bowman’s capsule is a component of the ____ corpuscle?

A

renal

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24
Q

Gaussian Probability Curve

A

Curve showing standard deviation to assess quality control in lab

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25
Q

The most widely used indicator of vitamin B6 status historically speaking

A

tryptophan load test

26
Q

Adequate chromium intake for adults (18+ yo)

A

25-36 mcg

27
Q

Jaundice will result when bilirubin concentration is greater than…

A

2 mg/dL

28
Q

Three principal mechanisms used to control GFR and blood pressure

A

Renal autoregulation (juxtaglomerular apparatus)
Horomonal regulation (angiotensin 2 and atrial natriuretic peptide)
Neural regulation (vasoconstriction fibers)

29
Q

What does the creatinine height index estimate?

A

Body muscle mass

30
Q

Estimated average requirement for phosphorus in an adult?

A

700 mg

31
Q

Protein requirement for adult women?

A

60 g/day

32
Q

Protein requirement for pregnant adult women?

A

75-100 g/day

33
Q

What are the s/s of peripheral neuropathy?

A

Dysesthesias of soles/palms, burning feet, numbness, cramps

34
Q

For air to flow into the lungs, pressure inside the lungs must become ______ than the pressure in the atmosphere

A

Lower

35
Q

White blood cell count ______ with age.

A

Decreases

36
Q

Acceptable/WNL RBC Transketolase-TPP-effect ratio value for people of all ages.

A

15

37
Q

Deficient RBC Transketolase-TPP-effect ratio value for people of all ages

A

25+

38
Q

The probability level below which the null hypothesis is rejected.

A

Significance level

39
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Prolonged protein insufficiency in presence of adequate nutrition resulting in loss of visceral protein and decreased cellular immunity

40
Q

Bolus feeding in PN

A

Rapid delivery of 60 ml of feeding into GI tract by syringe

41
Q

Names for the muscle at the base of the esophagus that prevents gastric reflux

A

Lower esophageal sphincter
Cardiac sphincter

42
Q

Adult reference range for CO2 in serum or plasma

A

23-29 mEq/L

43
Q

__________ acts as a circulatory stimulant, induces perspiration, and is used to stimulate digestion. It should be used with caution if a person has an upset stomach, stomach ulcers, irritable bowel problems, or other gastrointestinal conditions.

A

Capsicum (Cayenne, hot pepper, capsicum species)

44
Q

the second-most-abundant trace mineral in the body, present in every cell. needed for the activity of over 300 enzymes that aid metabolism, digestion, nerve function, and numerous other processes.

A

Zinc

45
Q

the volume of red blood cells in a volume of centrifuged whole blood.

A

Hematocrit (HCT)

46
Q

Elevated levels of Hematocrit (HCT) may indicate

A

dehydration or polycythemia

47
Q

Low levels of Hematocrit (HCT) may indicate

A

generalized anemia, over-hydration, or hemorrhage.

48
Q

A burn patient requires ______ g/day of protein to boost his or her immune system.

A

150 to 400 g/day

49
Q

Levels of plasma vitamin A for all ages should be:

A

20 +mcg/100 ml

50
Q

Women need to increase their protein intake by ___% during pregnancy.

A

25%

51
Q

Humans produce____ cholesterol in the skin, liver, and intestines than the average diet supplies.

A

more

52
Q

The bark, dried flowers and leaves of this plant are used to increase fluidity of lung and bronchial tube mucus, promote menses, stimulates appetite and uterine contractions. It is also used for arthritis, colitis, fever, headaches, menstrual problems, muscles tension and pain

A

Feverfew

53
Q

Sauerkraut and other pickled vegetables should be avoided when taking

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

54
Q

Examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

Dopamine, Tyramine, Phenylethylamine, and Histamine

55
Q

Folate deficiency is linked to the following diseases

A

spina bifida
anencephaly
megaloblastic anemia

56
Q

The Mini-Mental State Examination assesses ________, ________, and ________

A

attention, memory, and language

57
Q

During lactation, _______ is of particular importance because it is estimated that __ grams of this are secreted in the milk each day.

A

Protein, 10

58
Q

Listeria symptoms include

A

Fever and chills
headache
backache

59
Q

Examples of water soluble fiber

A

Barley, dried peas, beans, lentils, oats, apples, peaches, plums, and bananas.

60
Q

Histamine can be found in what foods & bevs?

A

beer, aged cheeses, wine, fish, chocolate, and sauerkraut.

61
Q

Someone who takes methotrexate would need which type of supplement?

A

Folic acid.

62
Q

Sperm are produced in the testes and transferred to ______ for maturation and storage.

A

epididymis

BCNS Test Prep (10 decks)

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