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BCNS Test Prep > Vitamins & Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins & Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Ecchymosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin K
Vitamin C

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2
Q

Dermatitis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Niacin
Riboflavin
Zinc
Biotin
EFA

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3
Q

Follicular hyperkeratosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin A

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4
Q

Petechiae may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin K

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5
Q

Follicular hyperkeratosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin A

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6
Q

Pigmentation changes may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Niacin

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7
Q

Pressure ulcers and delayed wound healing may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin C
Zinc

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8
Q

Psoriasiform rash may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Zinc

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9
Q

Eczematous scaling may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Zinc

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10
Q

Purpura may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin C
Vitamin K

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11
Q

Scrotal dermatosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Riboflavin

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12
Q

Pallor may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Iron
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Copper
Vitamin E

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13
Q

Thickening and dryness of skin may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Linoleic acid

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14
Q

Dyspigmentation and easy pluckability may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Protein

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15
Q

Alopecia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Zinc
Biotin

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16
Q

Night blindess, xerosis, bitot spots, and keratomalacia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin A

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17
Q

Photophobia, blurring, conjuctival inflammation, corneal vascularization may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Riboflavin

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18
Q

Angular stomatitis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Riboflavin
Iron

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19
Q

Bleeding gums may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Riboflavin

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20
Q

Cheilosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Riboflavin
Niacin
Vitamin B6

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21
Q

Dental caries may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Fluroide

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22
Q

Hypogeusia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Zinc
Vitamin A

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23
Q

Glossitis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Riboflavin
Niacin
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6

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24
Q

Nasolabial seborrhea may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin B6

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25
Q

Papillary atrophy or smooth tongue may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Riboflavin
Niacin
Iron

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26
Q

Fissuring, scarlet, or raw tongue may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Niacin
Folate
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6

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27
Q

Goiter may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Iodine

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28
Q

Thoracic achitic rosary may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin D

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29
Q

Diarrhea may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Niacin
Folate
Vitamin B12

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30
Q

Heart failure may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Thiamin
Selenium
Iron (anemia)

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31
Q

Hypogonadism may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Zinc

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32
Q

Ataxia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6

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33
Q

Bone ache and joint pain may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin C

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34
Q

Bone tenderness and kyphosis may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin D
Calcium

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35
Q

Edema may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Thiamin
Protein

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36
Q

Hyporeflexia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Thiamin

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37
Q

Muscle wasting and weakness may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin D
Magnesium

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38
Q

Tenderness at end of long bones may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin D

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39
Q

Spooning (koilonychias) may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Iron

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40
Q

Dementia, delirium, and disorientation may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Niacin
Thiamin
Vitamin E

41
Q

Loss of reflexes, wrist droop, and foot drop may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Thiamin

42
Q

Opthalmoplegia may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin E
Thiamin

43
Q

Peripheral neuropathy may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Thiamin
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12

44
Q

Tetany may indicate a deficiency of which nutrients?

A

Vitamin D
Calcium
Magnesium

45
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin or mineral can result in Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Thiamin (B1)

46
Q

The scientific name for Vitamin B1?

A

Thiamin

47
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin or mineral can result in Korsakoff’s psychosis?

A

Thiamin (B1)

48
Q

Dietary restriction associated with Atkins, Ornish, LEARN, and Zone diets is associated with lower intake and blood serum levels of which vitamin or mineral?

A

Thiamin (B1)

49
Q

Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

A
50
Q

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)

A
51
Q

Nicotinamid adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

A
52
Q

Nicotinamid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

A
53
Q

The precursor to Coenzyme A (CoA) and Acyl-carrier protein (ACP).

A

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

54
Q

What vitamin is consider “possibly effective” by the NIH for upset stomach, vomiting during pregnancy, PMS symptoms, oxalate kidney stones, and macular degeneration?

A

Pyroxidine (B6)

55
Q

What vitamin is consider “possibly effective” by the NIH for movement disorders in people taking mental health medications and reducing lung cancer risk in men who smoke?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

56
Q

What vitamin has been used to treat diabetes during pregnancy, carpal tunnel syndrome, asthma, depression, and diabetic neuropathy?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)
*as pyridoxine hydrochloride

57
Q

Alcohol dependence, Chron’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and short bowel syndrome increase the risk of which vitamin deficiency?

A

Folate (B9)

58
Q

Supplementation of which nutrient can reverse macrocytic anemia related to pernicious anemia, but not neurological damage?

A

Folate (B9)

59
Q

An estimated 60% of individuals with high homocysteine levels have poor/low intake of what nutrient?

A

Folate (B9)

60
Q

People lacking intrinsic factor (IF); with autoimmunie inactivation of IF; living with their terminal ileum removed; taking PPIs; or living with achloyridria are at risk of developing which anemia?

A

Pernicious anemia (B12)

61
Q

What are the major minerals?

A

Calcium
Chloride
Phosphorus
Potassium
Magnesium
Sodium
Sulfur

62
Q

What are the minor/micro/trace minerals?

A

Chromimum
Copper
Fluoride
Iodide
Iron
Maganese
Molybdenum
Selenium
Zinc

63
Q

What are the ultra trace minerals?

A

Cobalt
Arsenic
Boron
Cadmium
Nickel
Silicon
Tin
Vanadium

64
Q

High protein diets increase urinary excretion of which nutrient?

A

Calcium

65
Q

When calcium levels in blood are elevated, (which hormone) is released from parafollicular cells in the _____ gland.

A

Calcitonin; thyroid

66
Q

The release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are elevated…
1: [prevents/promotes] bone from releasing calcium, and
2: [prevents/promotes] calcium excretion.

A

Prevents; promotes

67
Q

A lack of which nutrients is associated with Rickets?

A

Vitamin D
Calcium
Phosphorus

68
Q

People with a hyperactive parathyroid gland, excessive vitamin D intake, and some cancers (breast and lung) are at risk of which nutrient toxicity?

A

Hypercalcemia

69
Q

Non-heme iron requires an _____ gastric pH to convert ferric (Fe3+) to ____ (____) before absorption and conversion to ____ (____) after absorption in the ____ mucosal cells.

A

acidic
ferrous (Fe2+)
ferric (Fe3+)
intestinal

70
Q

Zinc supplementation should not be taken with iron or ____ without food because these interfere with zinc absorption.

A

calcium

71
Q

Long-term high dosage zinc supplementation can cause deficiency of which nutrient?

A

Copper

72
Q

Thiazide diuretics and excessive laxative use can cause a deficiency of which nutrient?

A

Potassium

73
Q

A lack of iodine decreases production of thyroid hormones (__ and ___), which results in thyroid hypertrophy and ___ development.

A

T3 and T4
goiter

74
Q

What are examples of carotenoids?

A

beta-carotene
lycopene
lutein
zeaxanthin
beta-cryptoxanthi

75
Q

What are examples of flavonoids

A

Resveratrol
Anthocyanidins
Quercetins
Isoflavones
Catechin

76
Q

What are examples of sulfur componds?

A

Sulphoraphane
Indoles
Ellagic acid
Alliins
Glucosinolates

77
Q

Foods containing beta-carotene

A

Leafy greens
yellow vegetables

78
Q

Foods containing lycopene

A

tomatoes, guava, pink grapefruit, watermelon

79
Q

Foods containing lutein

A

Spinach, kale, cabbbage, swiss chard, broccoli, brussels sprouts, turnips, collard greens

80
Q

Foods containing zeaxanthin

A

Carrots, peaches, green oranges, mangoes, corn, eggs, citrus fruits

81
Q

Foods containing beta-cryptoxanthin

A

Citrus, peaches, apricots,

82
Q

Foods containing resveratrol

A

Red grapes, red wine

83
Q

Foods containing anthocyanidins

A

Blueberries, raspberries, acai, eggplant, red grapes, black currant

84
Q

Foods containing quercetins

A

Kale, apples

85
Q

Foods containing isoflavones

A

Soybeans, tofu, soy products

86
Q

Foods containing catechin

A

Tea, wine

87
Q

Foods coontaining sulphoraphane

A

Broccoli

88
Q

Foods containing indoles

A

cruciferous vegetables

89
Q

Foods containing ellagic acid

A

Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries

90
Q

Foods containing alliins

A

onions, garlic, scallions, leeks, chives

91
Q

Foods containing glucosinolates

A

Cruciferous vegetables

92
Q

What color of foods is lycopene associated with?

A

Red

93
Q

What color of foods with anthocyanins and ellagic acid associated with

A

Red/purple

94
Q

What color are foods with alpha- and beta-carotene associated with?

A

Orange

95
Q

What color are foods contain beta-cryptoxanthin and flavinoids associated with?

A

Orange/yellow

96
Q

What color are foods containing lutein and zeaxanthin associated with

A

Yellow/green

97
Q

What color are foods containing sulforaphanes and indoles associated with?

A

Green

98
Q

What color are foods containing allyl sulphides associated with

A

White/Green

99
Q

What are the phytoestrogens in soy?

A

Genistein
Daidzein

BCNS Test Prep (8 decks)

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