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Pharm 2 > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

List the normal flora of the mouth: (5)

A
  1. Viridans Group Streptococci
  2. Other Strep spps.
  3. Lactobacillus
  4. Actinomyces spps.
  5. Prevotella spps.
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2
Q

The bulk of oral bacteria is gram:

A

positive

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3
Q

Gram positive bacteria are primarily ____ or _____ shaped. (_____)

A

cocci; irregular; (pleomorphic)

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4
Q

Describe the oxygen requirements for gram positive bacteria:

A

tolerance varies from facultative anaerobes to strict anaerobes

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5
Q

Describe the cell wall in gram positive bacteria:

A

thick peptidoglycan layer

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6
Q

Three important genera of gram positive oral bacteria:

A
  1. actinomyces
  2. lactobacillus
  3. streptococcus
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7
Q
  • Gram positive bacteria of the oral cavity
  • facultative anaerobe
  • periodontal pockets, dental plaques, on carious teeth
A

actinomyces

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8
Q
  • Gram positive bacteria of the oral cavity
  • facultative anaerobe
    -produce lactic acid
  • role in dentine caries rather than enamel caries
A

lactobacillus

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9
Q
  • Gram positive bacteria of the oral cavity
  • facultative anaerobic cocci
  • produce lactic acid
  • some implicated in caries
A

streptococcus

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10
Q

Oral streptococci are referred to as:

A

viridian streptococci (streptococcus viridans)

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11
Q

T/F: Streptococci species are a large proportion of resident microflora

A

true

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12
Q

The “bad” streptococci species of the oral cavity:

A

strep mutans

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13
Q

The “good” streptococci species of the oral cavity:

A

Strep mitis & S. sanguinis

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14
Q
  • Strep species
  • Acidogenic (acid producing) and aciduric (acid tolerant) species
  • highly associated with caries (+++)
A

strep mutans

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15
Q

Bacterial communities collected from dentin carious lesions contain notorious acidogenic and aciduric species including: (4)

A
  • S. mutans
  • Scardovia wiggsiae
  • Parascardovia denticolens
  • Lactobacillus salivarius
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16
Q
  • First oral organism detected in newborn infants (primary colonizers)
  • Commensals
  • Peroxigenic (produce hydrogen peroxide) inhibits the growth of S. mutans and Porphyromonas gingivitis, and other oral pathogens
A

Strep mitis & S. sanguinis

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17
Q

Many gram _____ bacteria found in the mouth especially in established/ subgingival plaque

A

gram negative

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18
Q

Describe the oxygen requirements for gram negative oral bacteria:

A

range of oxygen tolerance but most important are strict or facultative anaerobes

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19
Q

Some gram ____ bacteria are fermentative, and produce acids which other organisms use as an energy source, and others produce enzymes which breakdown tissue

A

negative

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20
Q

Some gram negative bacteria are ____ and produce acids which other organisms use as an energy source and other produce enzymes which breakdown tissue

A

fermentative

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21
Q

Describe the cell wall of gram negative bacteria:

A
  • Thin peptidoglycan layer
  • B-lactamase
  • LPS/ endotoxin
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22
Q

The B-lactamase in gram negative bacteria breaks down:

A

Penicillin

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23
Q

List the gram negative bacteria of the oral cavity: (7)

A
  1. Porphyromonas
  2. Prevotella
  3. Fusobacterium
  4. Actinobacillus/Aggregatibacter
  5. Treponema
  6. Neisseria
  7. Veillonella

Por- Prev- Fuso- Actino- Trep- Neis- Veil

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24
Q

Gram negative bacteria that is a MAJOR periodontal pathogen:

A

P. gingivalis

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25
Gram negative bacteria that are periodontal pathogens (2): (note not MAJOR)
1. P. intermedia 2. F. nucleatum
26
Gram negative bacteria that is associated with aggressive periodontitis:
A. Actinomycetemcomitans
27
Gram negative bacteria that is a group important in acute periodontal conditions (like ANUG):
Treponema
28
If PCN is used to treat the following bacteria, list the result: 1. Viridans Strep 2. Strep spps. 3. Lactobacillus 4. Acinomyces (anaerobic) 5. Peptostreptococcus (anaerobic):
1. Great 2. Good 3. NO 4. Great 5. Great
29
Is PCN effective on lactobacillus?
NO
30
What is another name for Amox/Clav?
Augmentin
31
If Augmentin is used to treat the following bacteria, list the result: 1. Viridans Strep 2. Strep spps. 3. Lactobacillus 4. Acinomyces (anaerobic) 5. Peptostreptococcus (anaerobic): ----- 6. Porphyromonas (anaerobic) 7. Prevotella (anaerobic) 8. Veillonella (anaerobic) 9. Fusobacterium (anaerobic) 10. Bactericides (anaerobic) 11. Neisseria
1. Good/SR (some resistance) 2. Good 3. Good 4. Good 5. Great 6. Good 7. Good 8. Good/SR 9. Good 10. Great 11. Good
32
If Flagyl is used to treat the following bacteria, list the result: 6. Porphyromonas (anaerobic) 7. Prevotella (anaerobic) 8. Veillonella (anaerobic) 9. Fusobacterium (anaerobic) 10. Bactericides (anaerobic) 11. Neisseria
6. Great 7. Great 8. Great 9. Great 10. Great 11. NO
33
What is another name for Flagyl?
Metronidazole
34
Arrests growth of an organism:
Bacteriostatic
35
For a bacteriostatic drug, you must have:
active immune system
36
KILLS the organism:
Bactericidal
37
The following graph displays a _____ drug:
bacteriostatic
38
The following graph displays a _____ drug:
bactericidal
39
Neutropenic, Meningitis, and Endocarditis are all associated with:
bactericidal
40
Bactericidal mechanisms:
1. Cell wall inhibitors 2. Inhibit DNA
41
List some bactericidal cell wall inhibitors:
1. Beta Lactams 2. PCNs 3. Cephalosporins
42
List some bactericidal DNA inhibitors:
1. Fluoroquinolones 2. Metronidazole
43
Beta Lactams, Penicillins, and Cephalosporins are all bactericidal due to their ability to function as:
cell wall inhibitors
44
Fluorquinolones and Metronidazole (flagyl) are bactericidal due to their ability to:
inhibit DNA synthesis
45
One mode of action for bacteriostatic drugs:
protein synthesis inhibitors
46
List some drugs that are bacteriostatic due to their ability to inhibit protein synthesis:
1. Macrolides 2. Clindamycin 3. Doxycycline
47
Macrolides, Clindamycin, and Doxycycline are considered bacteriostatic due to their ability to:
inhibit protein synthesis
48
T/F: "Cidal" agent are better for patient with immunosuppression and severe disease
true
49
The higher the peak concentration, the more extensive/faster kill. Maximizes peak concentration (higher doses)
Concentration dependent
50
The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the growth of a microorganism:
MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration
51
Bacterial suppression after antibiotic concentrations fall below MIC:
Post-antibiotic effect
52
The more time above MIC, the more inhibition. Maximizes duration of exposure above MIC:
Time dependent
53
With concentration dependent, the higher the concentration, the:
greater the killing
54
List some medications that are concentration dependent: (2)
1. Fluoroquinolones 2. Metronidazole
55
With _____ dependent killing, the concentrations need to be reinforced, leading to more dosing.
time-dependent
56
With time-dependent killing, the more exposure, the:
greater the killing
57
PAE:
Post antibiotic effect
58
List some medications that are time-dependent: (4)
1. Beta-lactams 2. Clindamycin 3. Azithromycin 4. Tetracyclines
59
T/F: Beta-Lactams are concentration dependent and exhibit no PAE
False- time dependent but exhibit no PAE
60
T/F: Clindamycin, Azithtromycin, and Tetracyclines are time-dependent and exhibit some PAE.
True
61
Usual dosing of Cephalexin:
250-1000 mg every 6 hours OR 500mg every 12 hours
62

Pharm 2 (11 decks)

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