Exam I

Question 1

Hyperflexion Injuries

Answer 1

• simple wedge compression fx
• bilateral facet dislocation
• flexion teardrop fx
• clay shoveler’s fx
• anterior subluxation
• dens fx

Question 2

Hyperflexion + rotation injuries

Answer 2

• unilateral facet dislocation

- unilateral facet fx-dislocation

Question 3

Hyperextension injuries

Answer 3

• C1 posterior arch fx
• dens fx
• hangman’s fx
• C1 anterior tubercle avulsion
• hyperextension fx-dislocation
• hyperextension dislocation
• extension teardrop fx
• lamina fx

Question 4

Hyperextension + rotation injuries

Answer 4

• pillar fx

- pedicolaminar fx

Question 5

Vertical compression injuries

Answer 5

• jefferson’s fx of C1

- bursting fx of lower cervicals

Question 6

Lateral flexion injuries

Answer 6

• TVP fx
• uncinate fx
• unilateral fx lateral mass C1

Question 7

MC areas of spinal trauma

Answer 7

C1-C2
C5-C7
T12-L1

Question 8

Davis Series

Answer 8

• lateral
• APOM
• AP cervical
• Lt & Rt obliques
• flexion/extension
• swimmers

Question 9

What makes a fx unstable?

Answer 9

if more than one column or the middle column is involved and/or neurologically compromised

Question 10

How long does it take spinal fractures to heal?

Answer 10

3-6 months

Question 11

Body fractures heal more with ___?

Answer 11

fibrosis

Question 12

Arch fractures heal more with ___?

Answer 12

callus

Question 13

What is the MC fracture of atlas?

Answer 13

posterior arch fx, usually bilateral and vertical

Question 14

What is a Jefferson’s fx?

Answer 14

• bursting fx of C1

- bilateral fx of posterior and anterior arch

Question 15

What dictates a Jefferson’s fx unstable?

Answer 15

if the lateral mass offset is >7mm

Question 16

What view is best to fully evaluate the ADI?

Answer 16

flexion

Question 17

What is the MC type of odontoid fx?

Answer 17

type II (high dens)

Question 18

What is one finding found in type III odontoid fxs?

Answer 18

disruption of Harris’ ring

Question 19

Until what age is an os terminale present?

Answer 19

age 12

Question 20

Why are type II odontoid fxs more common?

Answer 20

due to the decreased amount of trabeculation at the base of the dens

Question 21

What are some findings present with a NEW compression fx?

Answer 21

• line of impactin
• step defect
• fx line
• blurry or hazy endplates

Question 22

How does a new compression fx show up on a T1 and T2 MRI?

Answer 22

dark on T1

bright on T2

Question 23

What are some findings of a lower cervical burst fracture?

Answer 23

• large anterior fragment

- retropulsion of posterior fragment

Question 24

Bow tie sign is seen in ___?

Answer 24

unilateral facet dislocation

Question 25

Where are bilateral facet dislocations MC seen at?

Answer 25

C4-C7

Question 26

What is the most severe injury of the cervical spine?

Answer 26

flexion teardrop fx

Question 27

What differentiates a flexion teardrop fx from a burst fx?

Answer 27

facet dislocation seen in flexion teardrop fx

Question 28

What segments are Clay Shoveler's Fractures seen at?

Answer 28

C6, C7, T1

Question 29

Where do most T/L fxs occur?

Answer 29

T11-L2

Question 30

What type of fx is the MC in T/L region?

Answer 30

compression

Question 31

What are three possible etiologies of a pathological compression fx?

Answer 31

osteoporosis lytic mets multiple myeloma

Question 32

Where are Chance fxs MC seen?

Answer 32

L1-L3

Question 33

What is a finding associated with Chance fxs?

Answer 33

empty vertebra sign | ghost vertebra sign

Question 34

What is Chance fx?

Answer 34

horizontal splitting of arch and body

Question 35

What is the second MC lumbar fx?

Answer 35

TVP fx

Question 36

Where are TVP fxs MC seen?

Answer 36

L2 & L3

Question 37

Muscle associated with ASIS avulsion fx

Answer 37

sartorius

Question 38

Muscle associated with AIIS avulsion fx

Answer 38

rectus femoris

Question 39

Muscle associated with ischial tuberosity avulsion fx

Answer 39

hamstrings

Question 40

Muscle associated with lesser trochanter avulsion fx

Answer 40

iliopsoas

Question 41

What is a Duverney fx?

Answer 41

iliac wing fx

Question 42

What is the MC fx of the pelvis?

Answer 42

ischiopubic rami fx

Question 43

What is a Malgaigne fx?

Answer 43

superior and inferior pubic rami fx with a fx or dislocation of SI on the SAME side

Question 44

What is a Bucket-Handle fx?

Answer 44

superior and inferior pubic rami fx with a fx or dislocation of SI on the OPPOSITE side

Question 45

What is a Straddle fx?

Answer 45

bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fx

Question 46

What is a Sprung fx?

Answer 46

diastasis of pubic symphysis and one or both SI joints