Exam II Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Tension causes what kind of fx?
A
transverse
2
Q
Compression causes what kind of fx?
A
oblique
3
Q
Rotaion causes what kind of fx?
A
spiral
4
Q
Angulation causes what kind of fx?
A
transverse
5
Q
Angulation + compression causes what kind of fx?
A
transverse & oblique
6
Q
What type of fracture is common in pathologic bone conditions?
A
transverse fx
7
Q
What is apposition and how is it described?
A
- closeness of the bony contact at the fx site
- describe the offset of distal in relation to the proximal
- describe direction
8
Q
What does alignment describe?
A
position of distal fragment in relation to proximal dealing with direction and degree of angulation
9
Q
When is the highest rate of fractures in males?
A
- 2nd and 3rd decades
- after 65 years
10
Q
When is the highest rate of fractures in females?
A
- up to 20 years
- steadily increases at age 45
11
Q
FOOSH injury in >5years
A
supracondylar fx
12
Q
FOOSH injury in 16-35 years
A
scaphoid or other carpals
13
Q
FOOSH injury in >40 years
A
colles fx or ulna fx
14
Q
FOOSH injury in >70 years
A
humeral surgical neck fx
15
Q
What is the MC area of injury in 10-16 year olds?
A
epiphyseal area since it is teh weakest area of the bone
16
Q
What are the MC regions of fx in elderly?
A
- T/L spine
- proximal femur
- distal radius
- proximal humerus
17
Q
3 phases of healing
A
- inflammatory or circulatory phase
- reparative or metabolic phase
- remolding phase
18
Q
What is clinical union?
A
when the callus is sufficiently developed to allow weight bearing or similar stress
19
Q
What is the MC type of Salter-Harris fx?
A
Salter type II
-physis + metaphysis
20
Q
What is the LC type of Salter-Harris fx?
A
Salter type V
-compression of physis
21
Q
What is another name for Salter type II fx?
A
Thurston - Holland Sign
22
Q
Which Salter type fxs produce an intra-articular fx?
A
Satler III and IV
23
Q
What is the normal AC joint width?
A
<5mm (<2-3mm bilateral difference)
24
Q
What is the normal distance b/w coracoid and clavicle?
A
11-13mm (<5mm bilateral difference)
25
What is the MC type of clavicle fx?
middle third (80%)
26
What is a Flap fx?
avulsion fx of the greater tuberosity of humerus
27
What is the MC humeral fx?
surgical neck fx
28
What are the 3 subcategories for anterior shoulder dislocations?
- subcoracoid (MC)
- subglenoid
- intrathoracic
29
What is the name for an impaction fx of the humeral head associated with an anterior dislocation?
Hill-Sach's lesion
30
What is the name for an avulsion of the inferior glenoid rim associated with an anterior dislocation?
Bankart lesion
31
What are some characteristics of a posterior shoulder dislocation?
- widening of joints space (>6mm, rim sign)
- double articular surface (trough line sign)
- tennis racquet appearance
- fixed internal rotation
32
What is luxatio erecta?
an inferior shoulder dislocation
33
Radiology of rotator cuff tears
- acromiohumeral joint narrowing (<6mm)
- erosion of inf. aspect of acromian
- flattening/atrophy of greater tuberosity
34
What two lines are used as assessment tools in a lateral elbow view?
- anterior humeral line
| - radio-capitellar line
35
What is the order of ossification for the elbow?
-capitellum
-radial head
-internal/medial epicondyle
-trochlea
-olecranon
-external/lateral epicondyle
(1-3-5-7-9-11)
36
What age does Nursemaids Elbow occur?
2-5 years
37
How is Nursemaids elbow reduced?
with supination
38
What is the 3rd MC dislocation in adults?
elbow joint
39
What is the 2nd MC dislocation in adults?
interphalangeal joints
40
What is the MC dislocation in adults?
shoulder
41
What is the MC direction of elbow dislocations?
posterior/posterolateral
42
What is another name for a minimally displaced oblique fracture of the distal ulnar shaft?
nightstick fx
43
What is a Galeazzi's Fx?
fx of the distal radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar articulation
44
What is a Monteggia Fx?
fx of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the proximal radioulnar articulation
45
What is another name for a greenstick fx?
hickory stick fx
46
What is the MC forearm fx in a child?
torus fx
47
What view best shows a torus fx?
lateral view
48
What is another name for a torus fx?
buckle fx
49
What is the normal tilt of the distal forearm?
10-15 degrees anterior (volar)
50
What are some characteristics a Colle's fx?
fx of the distal radius with posterior angulation of the distal fragment
51
What are some characteristics of a Smith's fx?
fx of distal radius with anterior (volar) angulation of the distal fragment
52
What is a Barton's fx?
fracture of the posterior rim of the radius with carpal dislocation
-best seen on lateral view
53
What is a Hutchinson's/Chauffeur's fx?
fracture of the radial styloid process
| -best seen on AP view
54
What is another name for Chauffeur's fx?
backfire fx
55
Which is the MC injured carpal?
scaphoid
56
What part of the scaphoid is MC injured?
waist
57
Where is the MC site for an occult fx?
scaphoid
58
What should you do if you suspect an occult fx?
- immobilize wrist and repeat x-rays in 7-10 days
| - if in an athlete: order MRI or bone scan
59
How do you elongate the scaphoid on films?
take film with ulnar flexion
60
What is the 2nd MC carpal fractured?
triquetral (usually avulsion)
61
Triquetral fx are only seen in which film?
lateral view
62
What is another name for triquetral fx?
fisher's fx
| hyperflexion injury
63
Which the 3rd MC carpal fx?
hamate (hook)
64
Which is the MC type of carpal dislocation?
perilunate dislocation
65
Which way are perilunate dislocations MC displaced?
dorsally
66
What is the 2nd MC carpal dislocation?
lunate dislocation
| hyperextension injury
67
What sign is associated with a lunate dislocation?
pie sign
68
What are two signs associated with a rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid?
- signet ring sign
| - Terry Thomas sign
69
What is a Boxer's fx?
fracture of the neck of the 5th or 4th metacarpal
70
What is the description of a Baseball or Mallet finger?
avulsion fx of the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx
71
What aspect of the 1st metacarpal is MC fractured?
75% involve the proximal portion
72
What is Bennett's fx?
an oblique fx at the base of the 1 metacarpal associated with dorsal subluxation of the 1st metacarpal
73
What is the MC injury to the 1st metacarpal?
Bennett's fx
74
What is Rolando's fx?
a comminuted Bennett's fx
75
What are some characteristics of a Gamekeeper's thumb?
- partial or complete disruption of the ulnar collateral LIG of the 1st MCP joint
- avulsed fragment from base of proximal phalanx
- from repetitive stress
76
What is another name for Gamekeeper's thumb?
skier's thumb = acute injury
77
What is the MC direction of hand dislocations?
dorsal
78
What direction is the hip MC dislocated?
posteriorly
79
Which way does the femur head move in a posterior hip dislocation?
superiorly
80
What other imaging is needed with hip dislocations?
CT
81
Which way does the femur head MC move in an anterior hip dislocation?
inferiorly
82
What is the MC type of hip fractures?
subcapital
83
What are the 2 types of stress fx?
fatigue and insufficiency
84
What is the definition of fatigue stress fx?
abnormal stress on a normal bone
| repetitive stress
85
What is the definition of an insufficiency fx?
normal stress on an abnormal bone
86
What is the MC type of fx seen in the femoral shaft?
transverse mid shaft fx
87
What is a sign of an intra-articular knee fx?
-FBI sign
| ==>fat blood interface
88
On who are anterior tibial spine avulsions MC seen on and where?
- MC seen in children
| - occur at the insertion of the ACL
89
What type of meniscal tear is usually degenerative?
horizontal cleavage
90
What is a Segond's fx?
linear fragment near the lateral margin of the lateral tibial plateau
91
What is commonly associated with a Segond's fx?
ACL tear (75% of the time)
