Exam II Flashcards

Question

Marc Lewis' recommendations for addicts

Answer 1

1. Try to nip it in the bud ASAP - do not focus on drug related cues (avoid them) 2. Minimize ego fatigue - get involved in something else 3. Do not be fooled by addicts ability to minimize/avoid situation

Answer 2

Severe form of psychosis - inability to tell the difference between the real and unreal

Answer 3

(seen in Schizo, but not others) - Delusions - Hallucinations - Disorganized thought and speech - Disorganized or catatonic behavior

Answer 4

Belief not rooted in reality - Persecutory = CIA out to get me - Grandiose = I am greater, stronger, have info no one else does - Thought insertion = my thoughts are being controlled by someone else - Thought broadcasting = other people can read my thoughts

Answer 5

Unreal perceptual experience - Most common: auditory, visual - Also: tactile, somatic & olfactory

Answer 6

- Loose - Tangential - Word salad - Neologisms

Answer 7

Connected with sense of touch

Answer 8

Things growing inside of you

Answer 9

Topic to topic

Answer 10

Where did that come from?!

Answer 11

No sense - all mixed up

Answer 12

Adding words together | -Spanglish-esque (Chinish - lol)

Answer 13

- Catatonia | - Unpredictable or untriggered agitation

Answer 14

involves waxy flexibility

Answer 15

Deficit wrt "normal" people - Affective flattening (or blunted effect) - Alogia - Avolition

Answer 16

Blunted effect -Severe reduction or complete absence of affective (emotional) responses to the environment

Answer 17

Poverty of speech -Severe reduction or complete absence of speech

Answer 18

Inability to persist @ common, goal-oriented tasks at work, school or home

Answer 19

- Paranoid - Disorganized - Catatonic - Undifferentiated - Residual

Answer 20

Characterized by persecutory & grandiose delusions & hallucinations

Answer 21

Incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, flat/inappropriate affect

Answer 22

Unresponsiveness to the environment; motor abnormalitites (e.g. "the guard), echolalia or echopraxia

Answer 23

Person repeats what is heard

Answer 24

Imitate what a person does

Answer 25

Mixutre of: - Paranoia - Disorganized - Catatonic

Answer 26

History of at least one acute episode of (+) symptoms, but doesn't show (+) symptoms currently

Answer 27

- 50-80% re-hospitalization rate - Stabilize w/i 5-10 yrs of 1st episode - Gender & age factors - Sociocultural factors

Answer 28

- Women develop disorder later, w/ milder symptoms & have a more favorable course than men - Functioning improves w/ age

Answer 29

- Possibly less severe in developing countries - Acceptance of deviant behavior - Gender differences - Social response & treatment availability

Answer 30

- Schizophrenia - Brief psychotic disorder - Schizophreniform - Schizoaffective - Delusional disorder - Shared psychotic disorder

Answer 31

Sudden onset of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech &/or behaviors lasting 1-30 days

Answer 32

Active Schizophrenic symptoms lasting 1-6 months

Answer 33

Schizophrenic symptoms + major depression or bipolar disorder

Answer 34

Nonbizarre delusions lasting more than 1 mo; no other significant impairment

Answer 35

Delusion develops from a relationship w/ another person who has the delusion (AKA 'folie 'a deux'

Answer 36

- Biological - Psychological - Social

Answer 37

- ECT (not) - Antipsychotic medications - Atypical antipsychotic medications

Answer 38

- Behavioral - Cognitive - Social interventions - Family therapy - Assertive Community Treatment Programs

Answer 39

- Operant conditioning - modeling - token economies

Answer 40

- Recognize and challenge delusions & hallucinations | * View them as symptoms (not reality)

Answer 41

- Increase effective social support - Support groups - Learn problem-solving skills, etc.

Answer 42

Provide psycho-education plus help families learn to be more supportive w/ lower expressed emotion

Answer 43

- Provide comprehensive monitoring, support & treatment - Help decrease hospitalization - 70% hospitalization

Answer 44

1. Melancholic features 2. Psychotic features 3. Catatonic features 4. Atypical features 5. Postpartum onset 6. Seasonal pattern

Answer 45

- 16% (varies internationally) - Women>Men - Prevalence decreases from 30-85 yrs.

Answer 46

1. Coping skills improve 2. Cohort effect (having/acquiring language for it) 3. Depressed people have died by old age - lol

Answer 47

- Episodic | - Likely recurrent

Answer 48

>70% and most frequent with: - Substance abuse - Anxiety disorder - Eating disorder

Answer 49

Milder and more chronic than depression -Eore = poster child

Answer 50

Depressed mood most of the day, every day for at least 2 yrs. While depressed, at least 2 of the following: - appetite disturbance - sleep disturbance - low energy/fatigue - low self esteem - poor concentration/indecisiveness - feelings of hopelessness

Answer 51

- 6% | - Women>Men

Answer 52

- Chronic | - Fluctuation

Answer 53

>70%, with most frequent: - Substance abuse - Anxiety disorder - Eating disorder

Answer 54

- Monoamines - Dysfunction in synthesis - Brain abnormalities

Answer 55

- Norepinephrine - Serotonin - Dopamine

Answer 56

Dysfunction in synthesis, release, & sensitivity of post synaptic neuron suggested - Prefrontal cortex - Anterior cingulate hippocampus - Amygdala

Answer 57

Involves several types of symptoms: affective, cognitive, physical/vegetative, and motivational - Major depression - Dysthymia - Bipolar disorder - Bipolar II disorder - Cyclothymia

Answer 58

5+ of the following during 2 wk. period - Depressed mood most of the day, every day - Anhedonia - Significant change in appetite &/or weight - Sleep disturbance (hypersomnia or insomnia) - Psychomotor agitation or retardation - Fatigue/loss of energy - Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt - Decreased concentration or increased indecisiveness - Recurrent thoughts of death

Answer 59

Diminished interest or pleasure in all activities

Answer 60

Slow talking / moving

Answer 61

Antsy / can't sit still

Answer 62

Dysthymia + Depressive episode

Answer 63

High abuse potential; no accepted medical use -LSD, heroin

Answer 64

High abuse potential with severe physical and psychological dependence -Amphetamines, opium, morphine, codeine, barbiturates, cocaine

Answer 65

Medium abuse potential with low to moderate physical dependence and high psychological dependence -Compounds containing codeine, narcotic analgesics, steroids

Answer 66

Low abuse potential with limited physical and psychological dependence -Benzodiazepines, certain barbiturates, other sedative-hypnotics, non-narcotic pain medicines

Answer 67

Lowest abuse potential -Preparations with low narcotic levels

Answer 68

1. Parents/Blood relatives w/ Schizo 2. Prenatal issues - especially in 2nd trimester 3. Slowed RXN times or rapid recovery rate of ANS 4. Developmental &/or CNS dysfunction, hyperactivity 5. Low birth weight &/or low IQ relative to siblings 6. Early role as odd member of family or scapegoat 7. Parenting marked by inconsistency and by emotionally extreme responses and double messages 8. Rejection by peers 9. Early behavioral problems, especially noted in play and school (more irritable, unstable than others) 10. Inability to form stable, committed relationships

Answer 69

Consuming 5+ drinks within a couple of hours. | 4+ for women

Answer 70

Stage 3 alcohol withdrawal symptom inculding auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations

Answer 71

- Low-grade hypertension -> ^risk of heart disease - Malnutrition - Alcohol-induced persisting amnesic disorder - Alcohol-induced dementia - CNS damage

Answer 72

Permanent cognititve disorder caused by damage to CNS - Wernicke's encephalopathy - Korsakoff's syndrome

Answer 73

Alcohol-induced persisting amnesic disorder Mental confusion and disorientation, and in severe states, coma

Answer 74

Alcohol-induced persisting amnesic disorder Memory loss for recent events and difficulty recalling distant ones

Answer 75

Loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia - Seen in ~9% of chronic alcohol abusers or dependents - Common cause of adult dementia

Answer 76

2+ parts acting together to be greater than sum of independent effects

Answer 77

Diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus

Answer 78

Neurological disorder - Involuntary movements of tongue, face, mouth or jaw. - Involuntary lip smacking, sucking sounds, stick out toungue, puff their cheeks, or make other bizarre movements repeatadly -Reversible; may occur in 20%+ of long-term phenothiazine users

Answer 79

Side effect of Neuroleptic - Slowed motor activity - Monotonous speech - Expressionless face

Answer 80

Side effect of phenothiazine (Antipsychotic) Agitation that causes people to pace and be unable to sit still

Answer 81

AKA Neuroleptics - Phenothiazines - Butyrophenones - Thioxanthenes

Answer 82

Antipsychotic; Phenothiazine Calms agitation, reduces hallucinations and delusions in patients w/ Schizo

Answer 83

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Hypothalamus>Pituitary>Adrenal - Fight or flight response - Early or chronic stress impacts HPA Axis, which may impact monoamine systems

Answer 84

- CRH: Corticotropin releasing hormone | - ATCH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 85

- Circuit stuck in the on position leads to depression | - High cortisol & CRH

Answer 86

- Biological - Behavioral - Cognitive

Answer 87

Genetic factors - multiple genetic abnormalities strongly indicated - Seretonin transporter gene abnormalities

Answer 88

Decreased (+) reinforcers from stress or withdrawal; creates self-perpetuating cycles

Answer 89

Negative views of self, world & future (AKA negative triad) -perpetuated by distorted thinking

Answer 90

Attibutions with negative events - Internal vs. external - Stable vs. unstable - Global vs. specifics Depressed people make internal, stable, global attributions

Answer 91

- More likely to have chronic conflicts w/ family, friends, co-workers, etc. - RXN sensitivity + excessive reassurance seeking - May select less supportive circle

Answer 92

Manic depression

Answer 93

episodes of major depression and mania

Answer 94

At least 1 week of persistently elevated expansive or irritable mood, including >= 3 of the DSM criteria

Answer 95

- Decreased need for sleep (3-4 nights w/ only 1 hour of sleep) - Inflated self-esteem - Pressured speech - Racing thoughts - Distractibility - Increase in goal-oriented activity or psychomotor agitation - Excessive involvement in high-risk pleasurable activities

Answer 96

1-2% | men=women

Answer 97

Anxiety, substance abuse, conduct disorders, gambling problems

Answer 98

Chronic, fluctuating, increased risk of suicide (7x)

Answer 99

Episodes of major depression and hypomania

Answer 100

Period of persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting at least 4 days and having symptoms of mania - same symptoms of mania & less severe - not psychotic like mania, not typically in trouble -Episode is NOT severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning &/or hospitalization

Answer 101

1-2% | men=women

Answer 102

Chronic, fluctuating, increased risk of suicide

Answer 103

Substance abuse or dependence, anxiety disorders, & personality disorders

Answer 104

Cyclothymia

Answer 105

>= 1 yr, episodes of hypomania & episodes of depressive symptoms that don't meet criteria for major depression - person is never free from symptoms for > 2 mo. at a time - like a sin curve wrt mania and depression

Answer 106

0.4-1% | men=women

Answer 107

Chronic, 33% go on to develop Bipolar disorder

Answer 108

- Panic disorder w/ agoraphobia - OCD - Alcohol abuse - Bulimia nervosa - Borderline & dependent personality disorder

Answer 109

Fear of leaving one's safe area (e.g. home)

Answer 110

- First degree relatives have 5-10x rate of Bipolar & Mood disroder (vs. typical population) - MZ twins have 45-75x rate of Bipolar disorder than typical population

Answer 111

Dysregulation of dopamine system

Answer 112

- Psychotherapy | - Psychopharmacology

Answer 113

CBT = best established (i.e. walking dog) - Increase physical activity - Increase effective socialization - Increase pleasurable activities - Keep mood diary, ID thoughts, distortions, etc.

Answer 114

- Tricyclics & MAOIs (MonoamineOxidase inhibitors) - SSRIs - SNRIs

Answer 115

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Fluoxetine - Sleep, appetite & energy are the first things to go up - suicidality > Black box warning - Moderately effective, but some risks - Very important to assess family history of Bipolar disorder before prescribing SSRIs - Bipolar will swing manic

Answer 116

- Psychopharmacology | - Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy

Answer 117

- Mood stabalizers (Lithium) - Anti convulsants (e.g. Depakote, Tegretol, Lamital) - Atypical antipsychotics (e.g. Risperdel, Zyprexa, Seroquel, Abilify) *Biggest trick is compliance = getting patient to take their meds

Answer 118

- Tracking & maintaining regularity of sleep, exercise & eating schedules - Develop coping strategies to decrease stress and emotional reactivity

Answer 119

4+ cycles of mania & depression w/i 1 yr.

Answer 120

Traditional anti-pscychotics

Answer 121

Atypical anti-psychotics

Answer 122

Need answer

Answer 123

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or nonrestorative sleep, for at least a month

Answer 124

Cormorbid - secondary to another condition

Answer 125

Waking up too early

Answer 126

Committed by people who feel alienated from others, empty of social contacts, and alone in an unsupportive world

Answer 127

Committed by people who experience severe disorientation because of a major change in their relationship to society

Answer 128

Committed by people who believe that taking their life with benefit society

Exam II Flashcards

(152 cards)