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Abnormal Psychology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Substance Abuse

A

(DRINK) Dangerous use of substance, Role Impairment (missing work..), No respect for the law, Keeps drinking/using in spite problems

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2
Q

Substance Dependence:

A

TWO 6 PACK = Tolerance, Withdraw, Occupational, social, or recreational activities given up, 6, Persistent desire to drink, Amount taken in larger, Continued use despite problems, Keep using lots of time spend getting/recovering/using

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3
Q

Diagnosis for SZ

A

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized Speech, Catatonic behavior, Negative Symptoms, Impairment in Social/Occupational functioning, Duration = continuous signs for at least 6 months

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4
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

active SZ symptoms lasting 1-6 months then goes away

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5
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

Active SZ symptoms + recurrent major depression or bipolar disorder

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6
Q

Delusional Disorder

A

Nonbizarre delusions lasting more than 1 month; no other significant impairment

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7
Q

Major Depressive Episode

A

Five or more of the following during a 2 week period: Depressed mood most of the day, every day
o Depressed Mood
o Anhedonia: diminished interest or pleasure in all activities
o Significant change in appetite and/or weight (gain or loss)
o Sleep disturbance (hypersomnia (excessive sleep) or insomnia)
o Psychomotor agitation (antsy, fidgety) or retardation (slowed movements, speech…)
o Fatigue/loss of energy
o Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
o Decreased concentration or increased indecisiveness
o Recurrent thoughts of death

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8
Q

Dysthymia

A 
Depressed most of the day, everyday for at least 2 years, and at least two of the following, can’t have no symptoms for more than 2 months in 2 years time
o	Appetite disturbance
o	Sleep disturbance
o	Low energy/Fatigue 
o	Low Self-Esteem
o	Poor concentration/Indecisiveness 
o	Feelings of hopelessness
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9
Q

Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)

A

Manic Episode: At least 1 week of persistently elevates, expansive or irritable mood, including more than or equal to 5 of the following (enough to cause marked impairment in functioning and/or hospitalization):
o Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
o Decreased need for sleep
o Pressured speech (talking really fast)
o Racing thoughts
o Distractibility
o Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
o Excessive involvement in high-risk pleasure activities

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10
Q

Prevalence of SZ

A

0.5-2% of population is effected, most prevalent in homeless population ~200,000, women develop the disorder later have milder symptoms and have more favorable course than men do, possibly less severe in developing countries…, MZ twins 48% DZ twins 17%, people born in spring months

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11
Q

Biological Etiology of SZ

A
  • Genetic: very strong evidence for hereditary factors
  • MZ twins concordance rate = 48%
  • DZ twins concordance rate = 17%
  • Possibly one set of genes for (+) symptoms; another set of genes for (–) symptoms
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12
Q

Abnormalities of Brain Structure for SZ

A
  • Enlarged ventricles (fluid-filled cavities); reduced volume, and neuron density in frontal cortex, and other brain abnormalities linked to cognitive and emotional deficits (neurocognitive disorder)
  • Brain may not be fully developing in the right ways
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13
Q

Neurochemical Etiology of SZ

A
  • Excess of dopamine; serotonin, GABA, and Glutamate may also play roles [for (-) symptoms]
  • Increased DA receptors in Mesolimbic pathway (VTA & NA), DA is in these places, not everywhere, is great for reducing (+) symptoms
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14
Q

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis for SZ

A

• Disruptions in normal maturation process of the brain before or at birth
Evidence:
• Nazi blockade of food in Netherlands, women who were in their 2nd trimester during this time = bump in babies that had SZ
• Influenza epidemic in Finland – 2nd trimester get flu = increase in SZ babies

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15
Q

o Birth Complications & Prenatal Viral Exposure for SZ

A
  • Particularly those involving loss of oxygen that could damage brain
  • More likely to have SZ when born during the Spring (esp. in boys, and left handed)
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16
Q

Etiology of Stress in SZ

A
  • Plays a key role in triggering SZ break

* Relationships, work, academic, abuse, financial, etc

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17
Q

Genetic Factors for Dysthymia

A
  • Multiple abnormalities strongly implicated

* Serotonin transporter gene abnormalities

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18
Q

o Substance

A

Any natural or synthetic product that changes perception, thoughts, behaviors, etc

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19
Q

o Substance Intoxication

A

experience of significant maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms (violent…)

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20
Q

o Substance Withdrawal

A

experience of physiological and behavioral symptoms due to the cessation or reduction of substance use

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21
Q

Substance Abuse

A

Maladaptive pattern leading to at most a month in 12 months causing impairment or distress (DRINK)

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22
Q

Substance Dependance

A

Maladaptive pattern leading to 3 or more of the TWO 6 PACK

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23
Q

o Tolerance

A

how much they need to get high/drunk increases

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24
Q

o Binge drinking

A

drinking 5 or more drinks within a couple of hours

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25
delirium tremens (DTs)
withdrawal symptoms that occur in the third stage and are auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations
26
o Long term effects of Alcohol Abuse
low-grade hypertension, increased risk for heart disease, alcohol-induced persisting amnesic disorder (permanent cognitive disorder), Wernicke’s encephalopathy (mental confusion, disorientation), and Alcohol-induced dementia
27
o Benzodiazepines
Xanax, valium) sedatives for treatment of anxiety and insomnia
28
o Cocaine
euphoria, heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, creativity, grandiosity, impulsiveness, hyper sexuality
29
o Amphetamines
produce perceptual illusions, stimulant, euphoria, alertness, paranoia, movement seems distorted
30
o Nicotine
resembles flight or flight response, CNS, PNS, bad withdrawal
31
o Opioids
relives pain, euphoria, drowsiness
32
o Hallucinogens
overflow of sensory, “bummers” anxiety, paranoia, loss of control, psychosis
33
o PCP
euphoria, dullness, lack of concern, weakness, involuntary movements
34
o Cannabis (Weed)
“high” feeling, relaxation, dizzy, sleepy, dreamy
35
o Ecstasy
heightened energy, restlessness, social inhibition decrease
36
o Positive Symptoms of SZ
• Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized thought or speech, Disorganized or catatonic behavior
37
Negative Symptoms of SZ
Affective Flattening (Blunted Affect), Alogia, Avolition
38
Delusions
• Beliefs that are not rooted in reality
39
Hallucinations
• Unreal perceptual experiences
40
Flat/Blunted Affect
• Severe reduction or complete absence of emotional (affective) responses to the environment
41
Loosening Associations
• Jumps from topic to topic with out a lot of transitions
42
Tangential Thinking
• Bring up something from “left field” (derailing) | o Word Salad:
43
Word Salad
• Real words but not used correctly in order to make a sentence
44
Neologisms
• Use made up words in real sentences in place of another word
45
Alogia
• Severe reduction or complete absence of speech
46
Avolition
• Inability to persist at common goal-oriented task at work/school/home
47
Tardive Dyskinesia
involuntary jutting of tongue, facial grimacing, lip smacking, result of nerve damage that affects cranial nerves
48
Akinesia
slowed motor activity
49
Akathesis
increased agitation
50
Depression with Melancholic features
physiological symptoms of depression are particularly prominent
51
Depression with Psychotic features
people experience delusions, hallucinations, during major depressive episode
52
Depression with Atypical features
Positive mood reactions to some events, significant weight gain or increase in appetite, hypersomnia, heavy or laden feelings in arms or legs, long-standing pattern of sensitivity to interpersonal rejection
53
Depression with postpartum onset
This diagnosis is given to women when the onset of a | major depressive episode occurs within 4 weeks of delivery of a child
54
Bipolar Disorder with Postpartum Depression
(rare) mania postpartum o Postpartum Blues: emotional liability (unstable and quickly shifting moods), frequent crying, irritability, and fatigue. Most stop after 2 weeks of birth
55
Depression with Seasonal Pattern (SAD)
have a history of at least 2 years of experiencing and fully recovering from major depressive episodes. They become depressed when the daylight hours are short and recover when the daylight hours are long.
56
Bipolar Disorder with Seasonal Pattern
develop mild forms of mania or have full | manic episodes during the summer months
57
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
women who frequently have significant increase in distress symptoms prior to menstruation
58
Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Disorder
4 or more cycles in 1 year
59
Egotistic suicide
committed by people who feel alientated from others, empty of social contacts, and alone in an unsupportive world
60
Anomic Suicide
committed by people who experience severe disorientation because of a major change in their relationship to society (loosing job after 20yrs)
61
Altruistic suicide
committed by people who believe that taking their life will benefit society
62
Synergy
compounded effect resulting from a drug combination... antagonistic when drugs are canceled out, or additive. i.e. taking alcohol and barbiturates is lethal
63
Physiological Dependence
When a drug has been used fr some time alters the user's physiological functions in such a way as to necessitate continued use to prevent withdrawal symptoms
64
Habituation
Dependence on a drug because of a strong desire to replicate the psychological state i.e. relief from depression

Abnormal Psychology (3 decks)

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