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Biochem 2 > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

The only water soluble vitamin that isn’t part of the b-complex is?

A

Vitamin C

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2
Q

The hematopoietic vitamins include:

A

Folic acid

Vitamin B12

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3
Q

Characteristics of ascorbic acid:

A

A reducing agent for many reactions

Antioxidant

Reduces iron from ferric to ferrous

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4
Q

Vitamin A can also be referred to as:

A

Beta-carotene

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5
Q

The excess consumption of these 2 vitamins can lead to toxicity:

A

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

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6
Q

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

A

Nucleotides have phosphate group on them

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7
Q

The conjugate base of folic acid is?

A

Folate

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8
Q

The active form of thiamine is?

A

Thiamine phyrophosphate

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9
Q

Synthesis of purine nucleotides uses how many ATP?

A

5

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10
Q

A and T form 2 H-bonds
C and G form 3 H-bonds.
True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

In the synthesis of purines, R-5-P to PRRP requires energy in the form of ATP.
True or False?

A

True

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12
Q

What is the cofactor of purine synthesis?

A

MG2+

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13
Q

In regards to fat soluble vitamins, only vitamin K can act as a coenzyme.
True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

What is considered the “parent” purine nucleotide?

A

IMP

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15
Q

Calcitonin takes Ca2+ from the blood and puts it into the bone.
True or false.

A

True

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16
Q

What rare, x-linked recessive disorder is associated with almost complete deficiency of HGPRT?

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

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17
Q

CPS II is inhibited by?

A

UTP

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18
Q

Acceptable range of fiber between men and women is equal.

True or false.

A

False

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19
Q

What is the other name for vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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20
Q

The oxidized form of retinal is?

A

Retinoic acid

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21
Q

The active form of niacin is?

A

NAD+

NADP+

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22
Q

Increased levels of LDL and decreased levels of HDL are metabolic effects of which fatty acid?

A

Trans fatty acid

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23
Q

Hypoparathyroidism can be due to a ____.

A

Lack of parathyroid hormone

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24
Q

What type of fat may increase risk of prostate and colon cancer?

A

Saturated fatty acid

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25
Toxicity of vitamin K can lead to hemolytic anemia and ____.
Jaundice
26
Which macronutrient has a strong influence on the incidence of coronary heart disease?
Dietary fats
27
What is the reduced coenzyme form of folate?
THF
28
Trans fatty acids have what effect on LDL and HDL?
Increase LDL, decrease HDL
29
What vitamin functions to reduce iron from Fe3+ to Fe2+?
Vitamin C
30
Biotin is covalently bound to what amino acid?
Lysine
31
Kwashiorkor occurs when there is a deficiency of what?
Protein
32
How many hydrogen bonds do adenine and thymine form?
2
33
What brings mice happiness?
Cheese
34
Which vitamin is the least toxic of fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamin E
35
Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are collectively known as which vitamin?
Vitamin B6
36
Of the fat soluble vitamins, which is the only one that can act as a coenzyme?
Vitamin K
37
Which vitamin is the most deficient among the US population?
Folic acid
38
Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?
Thiamine
39
What 2 monosaccharides is sucrose composed of?
Glucose and fructose
40
What has the greatest food energy content?
Fat
41
Which metal element is in the center of the corrin ring structure of vitamin B12?
Cobalt
42
Which fats are associated with the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid?
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fats
43
Which vitamin is not fat soluble?
Vitamin C
44
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency in which vitamin?
Vitamin C
45
High-fructose corn syrup is enzymatically synthesized from what monosaccharide?
Glucose
46
Which compound acts through nuclear receptors and activates intestinal calcium ions?
Calcitriol
47
What is an active form of riboflavin?
FAD
48
What is the aldehyde form of the vitamin A retinoid?
Retinal
49
Which lipids contain the highest percentage of cholesterol?
LDL
50
Which type of fat increases LDL but has very little effect on HDL?
Saturated fatty acid
51
Which fat lowers LDL and maintains or increases HDL?
Mono-unsaturated fatty acid
52
Which fats increase incidence of coronary heart disease?
Tans fatty acid Saturated fatty acid
53
Fructose is found in what foods?
Fruits and honey
54
Glucose is found in what foods?
Fruits, corn, corn syrup, honey
55
High-fructose corn syrup under goes what type of processing to convert glucose to fructose?
Enzymatic
56
Sucrose is made of what monosaccharides?
Glucose | Fructose
57
Characteristics of maramus:
Caloric deprivation Extreme muscle wasting, subcutaneous fat, weakness, anemia
58
``` Thiamine (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Niacin (B3) Biotin Pantothenic acid ``` All are classified as what type of B complex?
Energy releasing
59
Folic acid, thiamine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, cobalamin, niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid are all ____ soluble.
Water
60
Deficiency of what vitamin can cause pellagra?
Niacin
61
Consists of 4 dietary reference standards for intake of nutrients. Designated by life stage (age) groups, physiological states, and gender.
Dietary reference intake
62
Average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet requirements of 1/2 of health individuals of a particular life-stage or gender.
Estimated average requirement
63
Average daily dietary intake level to meet nutrient requirements of 97-98% of individuals in a particular life stage or gender group.
Recommended dietary allowance
64
When insufficient RDA evidence is not available to calculate an EAR or RDA.
Adequate intake
65
The highest average daily intake level that will, posing no risk of adverse health effects in general population.
Tolerable upper intake level
66
Saturated fats contain how many double bonds?
None
67
Mon-unsaturated fats contain how many many double bonds?
1 double bond
68
What are the main dietary monosaccharides found in foods?
Glucose Fructose
69
Synthesis of purine nucleotides uses which amino acids?
``` Glutamine Glutamate Glycine Tetrahydrofolate Aspartate Fumarate ```
70
Which form of vitamin A cannot be reduced physiologically?
Retinoic acid

Biochem 2 (3 decks)

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