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Biochem 2 > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is DNA replicated by?

A

DNA polymerase

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2
Q

DNA replication begins at a single origin called a(n):

A

Ori

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3
Q

DNA helicase does all of the following:

A

Binds to ssDNA close to replication fork

Requires ATP

Keeps DNA unwound

doesn’t bring DNA strands together by disrupting H bonds between A-T base pairs

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4
Q

Single stranded DNA binding protein protects ssDNA from:

A

Nuclease degradation

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5
Q

What places a nick in a strand of DNA during separation?

A

Topoisomerase 1

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6
Q

DNA polymerase is only able to read from ____ to ____ direction.

A

3’-5’

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7
Q

tRNA makes up how much of RNA in the cell?

A

15%

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8
Q

The lagging strand of DNA is synthesized ____ to the leading strand.

A

Antiparallel

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9
Q

RNA with catalytic activity are called

A

Ribozymes

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10
Q

Which type of RNA takes up the smallest amount of a cell?

A

mRNA

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11
Q

Huntington’s disease is a ____ disease

A

PolyQ

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12
Q

If repressor is bound, ____ is blocked inhibiting protein synthesis.

A

Polymerase

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13
Q

Prokaryotes prefer ____.

A

Glucose

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14
Q

What kind of mutation causes sickle-cell anemia?

A

Missense mutation

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15
Q

What are characteristics of the genetic code?

A

Universality

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16
Q

Where is the promoter found during initiation?

A

Coding strand

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17
Q

What is a holoenzyme made up of?

A

Alpha, beta, omega, and sigma subunits

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18
Q

What is the readable form of DNA?

A

Chromatin

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19
Q

When in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

S

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20
Q

What part of the holoenzyme is not a part of the core enzyme?

A

Sigma subunit

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21
Q

Which DNA polymerase acts as a sliding clamp along the DNA?

A

DNA polymerase 3

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22
Q

Once DNA primers are removed from a strand, ____ fragments need to be ligated back together.

A

Okazaki fragments

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23
Q

Types of RNA include:

A

Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA

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24
Q

Transcriptional activators bind DNA through which motifs?

A

Zinc fingers
Leucine zippers
Helix-loop-helix

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25
The ____ is the initial site of DNA melting.
Pribnow box
26
____ are noncoding regions and ____ are coding regions in post transcriptional modification of RNA.
Introns | Exons
27
____ are joined together by splicing.
Exons
28
What prevents bacterial cell growth by inhibiting RNA synthesis?
Antibiotics
29
About what percentage of all genetic diseases are a result of mutations that affect RNA splicing?
About 15%
30
When there is a decrease in the interaction of the histone with negatively charged DNA, what is occuring?
DNA coiling
31
When it comes to protein synthesis, ribosomes are found “free” in ____ or associated with ____.
Cytosol | Rough ER
32
During DNA splicing, all of the following occur:
Introns removed Binding of snRNP’s bring neighboring exons into alignment Mature mRNA leave nucleus and pass through pores of cytosol
33
Attenuation refers to ____.
High tryptophan concentration during prokaryotic expression
34
Regulation during eukaryotic gene expression occurs via:
Post-transcriptional alternative mRNA splicing
35
The intracellular receptors in cis-acting factors include all of the following:
Cortisol Estrogen Androgens
36
The cellular surface receptors in cis-acting factors include all of the following:
Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine
37
Metal-responsive elements (MREs) on mRNA can influence the rate at which mRNA is ____.
Degraded
38
Amino acid starvation and heme deficiency in erythroblasts can result in ____.
Kinase activation
39
Transposons are mobile elements of DNA that can result in which diseases?
Hemophilia A or Duchenne muscular dystrophy
40
All of the following are true about p-Dependent termination:
Involves a hexameric ATPase protein (rho protein) Binds to a C-rich recognition site near 5’-end of nascent RNA Separates DNA-RNA hybrid to release RNA
41
ssRNA continues to be synthesized until a termination signal is reached. True or False.
True
42
The only water soluble vitamin that isn’t part of B-complex is?
Vitamin C
43
The excess consumption of these 2 vitamins can lead to toxicity:
Vitamin A and D
44
The conjugate base of folic acid is ____.
Folate
45
A and T form 2 H-bonds, C and G form 3 H-bonds in DNA. | True or false.
True
46
Synthesis of purine nucleotides uses how many ATP?
5
47
CPS II is inhibited by ____.
UTP
48
Toxicity of vitamin K can lead to hemolytic anemia and ____.
Jaundice
49
Kwashiorkor occurs when there is a deficiency of what?
Protein
50
Trans fatty acids have what effect on LDL and HDL?
Increases LDL | Decreases HDL
51
Accumulation of bilirubin leads to what medical condition?
Jaundice, icterus
52
What rare autosomal disorder affects breakdown of BCAAs?
Maple syrup urine disease
53
Steroids contain how many fused rings?
4
54
Which amino acids are BCAAs?
Leucine, valine, and isoleucine
55
What amino acid is NOT both glucogenic and ketogenic?
Glycine
56
The enzyme that converts cholesteroyl ester to cholesterol is?
Cholesterol esterase
57
What is the most common occurring fatty acid in the human body?
Palmitic acid
58
Most fatty acids are stored in ____.
Adipose tissue
59
De novo synthesis is attempting to create which fatty acid?
Palmitate
60
How many double bonds can be found in arachidonic fatty acid?
4
61
What function is the citrate shuttle associated with?
Building fatty acids
62
The difference between bile salts and acids is pH. | True or false.
True
63
Lipid malabsorption can cause which of the following?
Excessive lipids in feces

Biochem 2 (3 decks)

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