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Microbiology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is co-aggregation based upon?

A

most important needs of sp

- localization, nutrition, atmosphere and protection

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2
Q

What is the bridge sp between late and early colonizers?

A

F nucleatum

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3
Q

What is the non-specific plaque hypothesis?

A

dental infections caused by non-specific overgrowth of all bacteria in dental plaque

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4
Q

What is the specific plaque hypothesis?

A

dental disease are infections by specific pathogens

- potential pathogens are part of normal microflora, can’t be eliminated by antibiotics like foreign pathogens

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5
Q

What is the updated non-specific hypothesis?

A

all bacteria in plaque contribute to virulence of microflora by playing role in colonization, evasion of host defenses, provoking inflammation or tissue destruction

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6
Q

What is the ecological plaque hypothesis?

A

disease results from imbalance due to ecological stress, resulting in enrichment of some “oral pathogens” or disease related bacteria (explains caries)

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7
Q

What is the keystone pathogen hypothesis?

A

certain low abundance sp can cause inflammatory disease by increasing quantity of normal microbiota and changing its composition

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8
Q

What is dysbiosis?

A

imbalance of abundance of individual sp in microbiome compared to abundance in healthy microbiome

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9
Q

What does GAS cause?

A

pharyngitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, STSS, acute rheumatic fever, acute post-strep glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

What does GBS cause?

A

neonatal - sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis

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11
Q

What does Pneumococcus cause?

A

community acquire pneumonia - most common

empyema (complication)

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12
Q

What does staphylococci cause?

A

furuncles and carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning

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13
Q

What does E.coli and Shigella cause?

A

ETEC, EPEC, EHEC (possible HUS), Shigellosis

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14
Q

What does salmonella typhimurium cause?

A

salmonellosis

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15
Q

What does H.pylori cause?

A

acute gastroenteritis, gastritis and peptic ulcers

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16
Q

What are the types of H. influenza and what do they cause?

A

NTHi (unencapsulated) - community acquired pneumonia and empyema (complication)
Hib (encapsulated) - epiglottitis

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17
Q

What does legionella pneumophilia cause?

A

legionellosis

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18
Q

What does mycoplasma pneumonia cause?

A

walking pneumonia

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19
Q

What does pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?

A

wide range of infections - chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis

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20
Q

What does actinomycetes Israeli cause?

A

cervicofacial actinomycetes (lumpy jaw)

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21
Q

What does nocardiosis brasiliensis cause?

A

subcutaneous mycetoma

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22
Q

What does B.fragilis cause?

A

intraperitoneal abscesses

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23
Q

What does Bacillus anthracis cause?

A 
cutaneous anthrax (95% cases)
inhalation anthrax (most lethal)
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24
Q

What does treponema palladium cause?

A

syphilis

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25
What does borrelia burgdorferi cause?
lyme's disease
26
What does neisseria meningitides cause?
meningococcal
27
What does Rickettsia ricketsii cause?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
28
What does yersinia pestis cause?
bubonic plaque
29
What does francisella tularensis cause?
ulceroglandular tuleremia - most common
30
What does brucella abortus cause?
brucellosis
31
Where do you encounter vibrio cholera?
salt/brackish water
32
Encounter H.pylori?
stomach
33
Legionella pneumophilia encounter?
fresh water habitats, man-made aquatic environments (hot tub, AC)
34
Bordetella pertussis encounter and entry?
adults with chronic bronchitis or URT | - localizes in tracheobronchial tree
35
Pseudomonas aeruginos encounter?
typically soil and water BUT | - ubiquitous b/c requires minimum nutrients for growth
36
Actinomyces Israeli encounter?
colonizes oropharynx, digestive tract, female genital tract
37
Nocardia brasiliensis encounter?
environment (soil)
38
Listeria monocytogenes encounter?
soil, water, vegetation, GI tract of animals
39
Bacillus anthracis encounter?
soil, animals (herbivores)
40
Borrelia burgdorferi encounter?
ticks that feed on mice and deer
41
Ricketsia ricketsii encounter?
ticks
42
Yersinia pestis encounter?
rodents
43
Francisella tularensis encounter?
blood sucking insects
44
Brucella abortus encounter?
domesticated animals
45
S.mutans virulence factors?
acidogenicity, acidity, glycosyl transferases
46
GAS virulence factors?
streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins SpeA and speC, and M protein > 100 types
47
Pneumococcus pneumonia virulence factors?
Capsule > 90 serotypes, pneumolysin (pore forming toxin), autolysin (cell lysis releasing pnemolysin)
48
S.aureus virulence factors?
staphylococcal enterotoxins (superantigens), exofoliatin exoenzyme (degrades intercellular jxns b/t keratinocytes)
49
ETEC virulence factors?
pili (Cfa), toxins: labile toxin and stable toxin
50
EPEC virulence factors?
pili (BFp), intimin, Tir, EPEC secreted proteins (Esps)
51
EHEC virulence factors?
long polar fimbriae, intimin, tip, shiga toxin
52
Shigella virulence factors?
IcsA, shiga toxin
53
Salmonella virulence factors?
long polar fimbriae, SpI1, SpI2
54
Vibrio Cholera virulence factors?
cholera toxin (A-B toxin), pilus (co-regulated pilus, TCP)
55
H.pylori virulence factors?
urease (urea -> ammonia), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA, kills gastric epithelial cells), cytotoxin associated gene (CagA)
56
Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors?
lipoarabinomannan (prevents phagocytosis-lysosomal fusion), superoxide dismutase , catalase, scavenge ROS
57
Treponema pallidum virulence factors?
no classical virulence factors
58
Borrelia burgdorferi virulence factors?
OspC (outer surface protein C) - antiphagocytic | BBA70 - plasminogen binding protein
59
Neisseria meningitidis virulence factors>
pili - adhesion capsule Opc protein - invasion LOS - pro inflammatory, resists complement degradation
60
Neisseria gonorrhea virulence factors?
pili opacity (Opa) protein - adhesion and resist phagocytosis LOS
61
Chlamydia trachomatis virulence factors?
Tarp (translocated actin recruiting protein) - promotes uptake IncA (inclusion protein A) - inhibits lysosomal fusion
62
Ricketsia ricketsii virulence factor?
rOmpA, outer membrane protein A - adhesion phospholipase - lyses phagosome actin polymerizing proteins - cell to cell spread
63
Yersinia pestis virulence factors?
Yops (yersinia outer membrane protein) - inhibit phagocytosis, cytokin signaling, promote apoptosis F1 capsule
64
Francisella tularensis virulence factors?
IglABCD operon (intracellular growth locus) - phagosome escape
65
NTHi virulence factors?
outer membrane proteins, OMPs and pili IGA protease LOS -> toxic to cilia and lung epithelial cells
66
Hib virulence factors?
same as NTHi plus capsule
67
Legionella pneumophilia virulence factos?
Dot/Icm type 4 secretion, injectosome > 200 effector proteins - operates inside host
68
Bordetella pertussis virulence factors?
filamentous hemagglutinin and pili pertussis toxin adenylate cyclase tracheal cytotoxin
69
Mycoplasma pneumonia virulence factors?
attachment proteins CARDS toxin (community acquired respiratory distress symptom) Hydrogen peroxide
70
Psuedomonas aeruginosa virulence factors?
alginate, exopolysaccharide
71
clostridium tetani virulence factors?
tetanospasmin, neurotoxin
72
Bacteroides fragilis virulence factor?
superoxide dismzutase, catalase, detoxify ROS | capsule
73
Corynebacterium diphtheria virulence factors?
diphtheria toxin (A-B toxin) - local and systemic effects
74
Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors?
internals, InlA and InlB (bacterial uptake) listerolysin O, LLO (pore-forming hemolysin vacuole lysis) ActA (polymerizes host actin, propulsion, cell to cell spread
75
Bacillus anthracis virulence factors?
exotoxins - edema factor (A-B toxin) - lethal factor - protective antigen, "B" domain of EF and LF makes pores in host cell membrane

Microbiology (8 decks)

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