Exam II - Canine Head

Question 1

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 1

• Masseter
• Temporalis
• Digastricus
• Pterygoid

Question 2

Which muscle acts to open the mouth?

Which cranial nerve(s) provide innervation to this muscle?

Answer 2

Digastricus m.

Mandibular branch of Trigeminal n (CN V) and Facial n (CN VII)

Question 3

List the lingual muscles. These muscles are all innervated by which cranial nerve(s)?

Answer 3

• Styloglossus m.
• Hyoglossus m.
• Genioglossus m.

All innervated by CN XII: Hypoglossal n.

Question 4

Genio- is a prefix meaning _______

Answer 4

*Genio- *is a prefix meaning chin

Example: Geniohyoideus m.

Question 5

Mylo- is a prefix meaning _______

Answer 5

*Mylo- *is a prefix meaning molar

Example: Mylohyoideus m.

Question 6

Which thin, flat muscle is the most superficial facial muscle?

Answer 6

Platysma m.

Question 7

The molar salivary gland is only found in which species?

Answer 7

feline.

The molar salivary gland is on the lingual side of the last lower premolars.

Question 8

Which lymphatic structure is found rostral to the parotid sliavary gland?

Answer 8

parotid lymph node

Question 9

Which lymphatic structure straddles the linguofacial vein?

Answer 9

mandibular lymph node

Question 10

Which lymphatic structure is found between the wing of the atlas and the larynx?

Answer 10

**retropharyngeal lymph node **(medial and lateral)

Question 11

Name the gland that may be removed unintentionally if you are surgically extracting the thyroid gland

Answer 11

parathyroid gland

Question 12

_________ laterally connects soft palate to nasopharynx

Answer 12

palatopharyngeal arches laterally connect soft palate to nasopharynx

Question 13

_________ laterally connects tongue to soft palate

Answer 13

palatoglossal arches: laterally connects tongue to soft palate

Question 14

What is the purpose of the larynx?

Answer 14

Protects trachea against food aspiration, and aids in breathing and phonation

Question 15

A rapid narrowing and widening of the glottis by fast twitch muscles in the feline is also known as _________

Answer 15

purring

Question 16

List the 4 cartilaginous structures of the Larynx

Answer 16

• Epiglottic cartilage
• Arytenoid cartilage
• Thyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage

Question 17

Which muscle(s) of the larynx tense(s) the vocal fold (phonation)?

Answer 17

cricothyroideus

Question 18

Which muscle(s) of the larynx open(s) the glottis?

Answer 18

**cricoarytenoideus dorsalis **

Question 19

Which muscle(s) of the larynx close(s) the glottis?

Answer 19

cricoarytenoideus lateralis

Question 20

Which muscle(s) of the larynx relax(s) the vocal fold & contrict the glottis?

Answer 20

thyroarytenoideus

Question 21

The __________ supports the tongue and acts as attachments for lingual mm.; supports the larynx

Answer 21

hyoid apparatus

Question 22

The opening to the _________ duct is at the 4th premolar

Answer 22

The opening to the parotid duct is at the 4th premolar

Question 23

The circular opening at the front of the skull where the nose would be is the ___________

Answer 23

nasal aperture

Question 24

The rostral alar foramen is connected to the caudal alar foramen by a tube called the _________

Answer 24

Alar canal

Question 25

The location where the nasal cavities open into the nasopharynx is referred to as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

**Choanae**

Question 26

Which tooth is also called the **Superior shearing tooth**?

Answer 26

4th premolar

Question 27

The _____________ pierces cheek mucosa to drain serous fluid into buccal vestibule

Answer 27

**parotid salivary gland**

Question 28

This is the largest lymph node of the head and neck. When inflamed, ability to swallow is affected

Answer 28

**medial retropharyngeal lymph node**

Question 29

This laryngeal cartilage forms a complete ring that lies partially within the trough of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 29

**cricoid cartilage**

Question 30

The **cuneiform process** is found on which laryngeal cartilage?

Answer 30

**Arytenoid cartilage**

Question 31

The _______ consists of the vocal folds, the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages, and the rima glottidis

Answer 31

The **glottis** consists of the vocal folds, the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages, and the rima glottidis

Question 32

The __________ is the narrow passageway through the glottis.

Answer 32

**rima glottidis**

Question 33

If an animal is unable to close its eye when the veterinarian is touching its cornea, it probably has an injury to which nerve?

Answer 33

**facial nerve**

Question 34

The _______ nerve crosses the pterygoid muscles and enters the cheek lateral to the zygomatic salivary gland

Answer 34

The **buccal nerve** crosses the pterygoid muscles and enters the cheek lateral to the zygomatic salivary gland

Question 35

The mandibular and sublingual glands open in the oral cavity at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

**sublingual caruncle**

Question 36

The geniohyoideus m. is innervated *solely* by which nerve?

Answer 36

**hypoglossal n.**

Question 37

The ________ muscle is responsible for retraction of the upper lip

Answer 37

**caninus m.**

Question 38

Identify the nerve indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 38

auriculopalpebral n.

Question 39

Identify the nerve indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 39

**auriculotemporal n.**

Question 40

Identify the nerve indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 40

**dorsal buccal n.**

Question 41

Identify the structure indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 41

**parotid duct**

Question 42

Identify the nerve indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 42

**ventral buccal n.**

Question 43

Identify the muscle indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 43

**digastricus m.**

Question 44

Identify the nerve indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 44

hypoglossal n.

Question 45

Identify the **maxillary vein**

Answer 45

There it is

Question 46

Identify the **external jugular** **vein**

Answer 46

Question 47

Locate the **masseter muscle**

Answer 47

Question 48

Locate the **digastricus m.**

Answer 48

Question 49

Locate the **facial v.**

Answer 49

Question 50

Locate the **lingual vein**

Answer 50

Question 51

Locate the **linguofacial v.**

Answer 51

Question 52

Locate the **zygomatic arch**

Answer 52

Question 53

Locate the **palpebral n.**

Answer 53

Question 54

Locate the **ventral buccal n.**

Answer 54

Question 55

Locate the **parotid duct**

Answer 55

Question 56

Locate the **mandibular lymph node**

Answer 56

Question 57

Locate the **mandibular salivary gland**

Answer 57

Question 58

Locate the **parotid salivary gland**

Answer 58

Question 59

Locate the **buccinator m.**

Answer 59

Question 60

Locate the **temporalis m.**

Answer 60

Question 61

Identify the **infraorbital n.**

Answer 61

Question 62

Identify the **monostomatic sublingual salivary gland**

Answer 62

Question 63

Locate the **orbital ligament**

Answer 63

Question 64

Locate the **facial nerve**

Answer 64

Question 65

Locate the **accessory nerve**

Answer 65

Question 66

Locate the **facial vein**

Answer 66

Question 67

Identify the **external sagittal crest**

Answer 67

Question 68

Identify the **temporal fossa**

Answer 68

Question 69

Identify the **zygomatic bone**

Answer 69

Question 70

Identify the **coronoid process**

Answer 70

Question 71

Locate the **condylar process**

Answer 71

Question 72

Locate the **zygomatic salivary gland**

Answer 72

Question 73

Locate the **pterygoid muscle**

Answer 73

Question 74

Locate the **caudal auricular a.**

Answer 74

Question 75

Locate the **facial vein**

Answer 75

Question 76

Locate the **maxillary artery**

Answer 76

Question 77

Locate the **medial retropharyngeal lymph node**

Answer 77

Question 78

Locate the **palatoglossal fold**

Answer 78

Question 79

Locate the **thyrohyoideus**

Answer 79

Question 80

Locate the **zygomatic muscle**

Answer 80

Question 81

Whther it is large animal or small animal, the opening of the **parotid duct** is always at the level of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 81

4^th premolar

Question 82

In dogs with chronic dental disease, which lymph node would you normally see enlarged?

Answer 82

mandibular lymph node

Question 83

The **pharynx **is divided into three parts. Name them:

Answer 83

* Oropharynx * Nasopharynx * Laryngopharynx

Question 84

The ________ is a protective mechanism that closes off the opening of the trachea so that when we are eating, food does not get into the trachea

Answer 84

larynx

Question 85

What do we notice in the feline larynx that is different than the canine?

Answer 85

Felines do not have cuneiform or corniculate proccesses of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 86

When passing an endotracheal tube, you pass it through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The __________ forms the seal around the endotracheal tube.

Answer 86

When passing an endotracheal tube, you pass it through the **_rima glottidis_**. The **_glottis_** forms the seal around the endotracheal tube.

Question 87

List the 4 cartilaginous structures of the **larynx**

Answer 87

* Epiglottic cartilage * Arytenoid cartilage * Thyroid cartilage * Cricoid cartilage

Question 88

In laryngeal hemiplagia, we may have opening of the glottis on one side but not the other. Clinically, on which side do we tend to see this more often? Why?

Answer 88

We tend to see this more often on the **left side**. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is wrapping around the aortic arch, has more pressure associated with it, and has a longer distance to travel, making it more prone to damage.

Question 89

What is the main job of the hyoid apparatus?

Answer 89

to support the tongue and act as an attachment for lingual muscles