Avian Questions

Question 1

What is the total time required from ovulation to oviposition?

Answer 1

24 hours

Question 2

Which bone connects the mandible to the skull (temporal bone)

Answer 2

the quadrate bone

enables the upper and lower jaw to move simultaneously. While the quadrate bone turns, it increases the size of the gape

Question 3

Which compartment of the cloaca do the vas deferens go to?

Answer 3

urodeum

Question 4

The sebaceous gland responsible for waterproofing and insulating the feathers:

Answer 4

Uropygial gland

(“preen” gland)

Question 5

Feathers in birds are concentrated in tracts called _________

Answer 5

Feathers in birds are concentrated in tracts called pterylae

Question 6

These feathers are responsible for heating and insulating the body and helping maintain normal body temperature:

Answer 6

down feathers

Question 7

What is the normal temperature for birds?

Answer 7

102-108^oF

Question 8

These feathers are specialized contour feathers responsible for flight:

Answer 8

**Wing feathers (remiges) **and tail feathers (retricles)

Question 9

*These *feathers are new feathers in the growing stage:

Answer 9

blood feathers (pin feathers)

Question 10

Which ovary is active in the chicken?

Answer 10

left

Question 11

The fusion of the proximal row of the tarsus and the tibia is called the:

Answer 11

tibiotarsus

Question 12

The fusion of the distal tarsal row with metatarsal 2, 3, and 4 form the:

Answer 12

Tarsometatarsus

Question 13

Fusion along the dorsal spinous processes of most of the thoracic vertebrae:

Answer 13

notarium

Question 14

Fusion of the last 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae, all of the lumbar, all of the sacral, and the first few caudal vertebrae

Answer 14

synsacrum

Question 15

Fusion of the most caudal 3-4 vertebrae that make up the bulk of the tail:

Answer 15

pygostyle

Question 16

This bone allows for attachment of the large pectoral muscles and makes up the majority of the ventral body wall:

Answer 16

keel bone

Question 17

The furcula is commonly known as the:

Answer 17

wish bone

Question 18

What is significant about the radius and ulna in birds?

Answer 18

In birds, the ulna is larger than the radius

Question 19

What is the name of the triangular fold of skin running from the shoulder to the carpus that provides an aerodynamic “lift”?

Answer 19

**propatagium **

Question 20

What is pinioning?

Answer 20

This involves cutting the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis muscle at the level of its attachment on the carpus.

Question 21

How many metatarsal bones are present on the avian pelvic limb?

Answer 21

4 (3 of which are fused)

Question 22

Muscles take on different colors dependent on the relative amount of _____________ that is present.

Answer 22

Muscles take on different colors dependent on the relative amount of myoglobin that is present.

Question 23

Which muscle will likely be darker in color: phasic muscles of endurance muscle?

Answer 23

endurance muscle

Question 24

What is the most common site for collection of large volumes of blood in poultry and companion birds?

Answer 24

right jugular vein

Question 25

Name three commonly used sites for blood collection in avians:

Answer 25

1. **right jugular vein** (poultry & companion birds) 2. **cutaneous ulnar vein** 3. **medial metatarsal vein** (larger birds: ducks, raptors, large parrots)

Question 26

Responsible for B-cell production in birds:

Answer 26

Bursa of Fabricius

Question 27

The avian **larynx** lies on the floor of the oropharynx and opens on a small prominence called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

**laryngeal mound**

Question 28

Describe the unique positioning of the avian epiglottis.

Answer 28

They don't have one. Get over it.

Question 29

What is the landmark for endotracheal intubation in avians?

Answer 29

**laryngeal mound**

Question 30

What is important to remember about the trachea in birds when placing an endotracheal tube?

Answer 30

The trachea in birds has **complete cartilaginous rings** You should not use the cuffed endotracheal tubes, as over-inflation of the cuff can cause severe damage and necrosis of the trachea

Question 31

How many air sacs are present in the chicken?

Answer 31

8

Question 32

Birds do not have separate thoracic and abdominal cavities. Instead, they have a combined thoraco-abdominal cavity, also known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

**coelomic cavity**

Question 33

In hatchlings, the sharp projection that is used to "pip" out of the shell is known as the:

Answer 33

**egg tooth**

Question 34

The avian hard palate contains a longitudinal fissure that connects the oral and nasal cavities. What is this fissure called?

Answer 34

**choana**

Question 35

Out-pouching of the esophagus located just cranial to the thoracic inlet on the right side of the neck in chickens:

Answer 35

**crop**

Question 36

Which portion of the avian stomach is the equivalent to the mammalian stomach?

Answer 36

the **proventriculus **(glandular portion)

Question 37

In birds, the upper and lower ileum is divided by:

Answer 37

**Meckel's diverticulum** | (a remnant of the fetal yolk sac)

Question 38

Which compartment of the cloaca does the rectum lead to?

Answer 38

**coprodeal compartment**

Question 39

What is the terminal region of the avian GI tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract?

Answer 39

the **cloaca**

Question 40

Which compartment of the cloaca serves as the termination for the GI tract?

Answer 40

the coprodeal compartment

Question 41

Which compartment of the cloaca serves as the termination for the urinary and reproductive tracts?

Answer 41

the **urodeal** compartment

Question 42

Which portion of the cloaca opens to the anus or vent?

Answer 42

the **proctodeum**

Question 43

What is important to remember about the avian kidney with regard to prescribing drugs that act on the loop of Henle?

Answer 43

The avian kidney consists of "mammalian" and "reptilian" nephrons. **The reptilian nephrons contain no loop of Henle**.

Question 44

What is the end product of the urinary tract in birds?

Answer 44

Uric acid So, kidney function tests that we use in mammals (BUN & creatinine) are of very little use in birds

Question 45

Blood supply to the ovary in birds is via the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 45

**left ovarian artery** (a branch off the left cranial renal artery)

Question 46

What is the site of calcification for the egg?

Answer 46

the uterus

Question 47

Where are the testes located in birds?

Answer 47

The paired testes lie within the body cavity near the cranial pole of the kidney

Question 48

How many accessory sex glands are found in male birds?

Answer 48

Zero.

Question 49

areas of bare skin on a bird are called:

Answer 49

apteria

Question 50

Which muscle is responsible for the downward motion of the wings (**_ad_**duction of the wings)?

Answer 50

Superficial pectorals

Question 51

Which muscle is responsible for the upward motion of the wings (**_ab_**duction of the wings)?

Answer 51

deep pectorals

Question 52

At which portion of the oviduct is **albumin** added to the egg?

Answer 52

the **magnum**

Question 53

What is this 'wing web' referred to as?

Answer 53

propatagium