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Embryo > Exam II Organogenetic Period Part III > Flashcards

Exam II Organogenetic Period Part III Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Urogenital system consists of urinary and genital systems which are ____.

A

Very closely related

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2
Q

Urinary system =

A

Water excertion

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3
Q

Organs of the urinary system include (4):

A

Kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra

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4
Q

Genital system =

A

Reproduction

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5
Q

Gential system consists of:

A

In/external genitalia

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6
Q

Differentiation of the urogenital system from the intermediate mesoderm occurs at the ____.

A

Urogenital ridge

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7
Q

There are ____ sets of kidneys in an embryo that develop in succession.

A

3

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8
Q

1st set of kidneys are rudimentary and called ____.

A

Pronephroi

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9
Q

2nd set of kidneys formed function briefly during the early fetal period and are called ____.

A

Mesonephroi

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10
Q

The 3rd set of kidneys formed which form into the permanent kidneys are called ____.

A

Metanephroi

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11
Q

The pronephroi (1st kidneys) are ____ transient structures.

A

Bilateral

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12
Q

The pronephori (1st) appear early in week ____ in the neck region.

A

4

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13
Q

Pronephori kidneys (1st) form ducts called ____ that run caudally and open into the cloaca.

A

Phronephric

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14
Q

The pronephori (1st) kidneys dengerate ____.

A

Soon

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15
Q

THe pronephric ducts remain and are used by ____.

A

2nd set of kidneys

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16
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys are large, elongated ____ organs.

A

Excretory

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17
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys appear late in week ____.

A

4

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18
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys form ____ to the pronephroi.

A

Caudally

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19
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys function as interim kidneys for ____ weeks.

A

4

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20
Q

The mesonphroi (2nd) kidneys contain ____ and ____.

A

Glomeruli

Mesonephric tubules

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21
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys’ tubules open into ____.

A

Bilateral mesonephric ducts

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22
Q

Glomeruli are organelles for ____.

A

Filtration

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23
Q

The pronephric ducts convert into the ____.

A

Bilateral mesonephric ducts

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24
Q

The mesonephric ducts open into the ____.

A

Cloaca

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25
The mesonephroi degenerate at the end of week ____.
12
26
The metanephroi (3rd) kidneys are the primordia of the ____.
Permanent kidneys
27
The permanent kidneys begin to develop in week ____.
5
28
The permanent kidneys become functional approximately ____ weeks later.
4
29
The kidneys develop from 2 sources:
Ureteric bud-diverticulum | Metanephorgenic blastemal-mesenchyme
30
utereric bud grows ____ from the mesonphric duct near its entrance into the cloaca.
Outwardly
31
As the ureteric bud elongates, it penetrates ____.
Metanephrogenic blastema
32
The metanephrogenic blastema is a metanephric mass of ____.
Mesenchyme
33
The ____ of the ureteric bud becomes the ureter.
Stalk
34
The cranial part of the bud undergoes repetitive ____, differentiating into the collecting tubules.
Branching
35
The first ____ tubules of the collecting tubules enlarge and become the major calices.
4
36
The second ____ generations of the collecting tubules form the minor calices.
4
37
The end of each arched collecting tubule induces clusters of mesenchymal cells in the metanephrogenic blastema to form small ____.
Metanephric vesicles
38
Metanephric vesicles become the future ____.
Glomeruli
39
From week 10, the number of ____ increases slowly at first and then more rapidly until about week 36.
Glomeruli
40
Initially, the kidneys lie close to each other in the ____.
Pelvis
41
As the abdomen and pelvis grow the kidneys grow gradually, move into the ____ and farther apart.
Abdomen
42
The kidneys attain their adult position during the beginning of the ____ period.
Fetal
43
The kidneys’ adult position is caused by growth of the embryo’s body ____ to the kidneys.
Caudal
44
The bladder develops from the urogenital sinus which is divided into 3 parts:
Vesical part Pelvic part Phallic part
45
Vesical part of bladder forms most of the urinary bladder and is ____ with the allantois (belly button)
Continuous
46
The pelvic part of the bladder that becomes the ____ in the neck of the bladder.
Urethra, prostate part for men
47
The phallic part of the bladder grows toward the ____ tubercle.
Genital
48
The phallic part is the primordium of the ____ or ____.
Penis or clitoris
49
Development of the bladder is ____ with the develop of the male and female reproductive systme.s
Closely
50
The bladder develops mainly from the ____ part of the urogenital sinus.
Vesical
51
The entire epithelium of the bladder is derived from the ____ of the vesical part of the urogenital sinus.
Endoderm
52
As the bladder enlarges, ____ parts of the mesonephric ducts are incorporated into its dorsal wall.
Distal
53
Initially, the bladder is ____ with the allantois (belly button) in the hindgut.
Continuous
54
The allantois (belly button) constricts and becomes a ____, known as the urachus.
Fibrous cord
55
The allantois (belly button) extends from the ____ to the ____.
Bladder | Umbilicus
56
In infants and children, the urinary bladder is in the ____.
Abdomen
57
The urinary bladder begins to enter the ____ at approximately 6 years of age.
Pelvis
58
The urinary bladder does not enter the lower pelvis and become a ____ organ until after puberty.
Pelvic
59
Mesonephric ridges appear at week ____.
5
60
Mesonephric ridges are the site of the mesonephric ____.
Kidneys
61
Mesonephric kidneys are the primordia of the ____.
Permanent kidneys
62
Growth of the head ____ that of other regions.
Exceeds
63
The excessive head growth is the result of the rapid development of ____ and ____.
The brain | Facial prominences
64
At week 5, the face soon contacts the ____ prominence.
Heart
65
Cervical ____ appear at week 5.
Sinus
66
Overgrowth of arches 3,4,6 by arches 1,2 ____ by week 7.
Obliterated
67
At week 6, sporadic movement begins, usually ____ by the mother.
Indictable
68
Sporadic movement at week 6 is a ____ response to touch.
Reflex
69
Digital rays begin to develop at week ____.
6
70
Digital rays are the primordia of the ____.
Digits
71
Upper limb first-fingers are called ____.
Hand plates
72
Lower limbs develop ____ days later than the upper limbs.
4-5
73
The auricular hillocks develop at week 6 and are the ____ part of the ear.
External
74
At week 6, retinal pigment in the eye has formed giving the eye a relatively ____ appearance.
Large
75
At week 6, the intestines enter the ____ part of the umbilical cord resulting in an umbilical herniation.
Proximal
76
The umbilical herniation happens because the abdominal cavity is too small to accommodate the ____.
Rapidly growing intestines
77
At week 6, the trunk begins to ____.
Straighten
78
At week 6, the head is much larger than the body due to ____ development and bends over the heart prominence.
Rapid brain
79
At week 6, when the head bends over the heart prominence, ____ are present.
Cerebral vesicles
80
Carnegie stage 17 is approximately day ____, week ____.
43 | 6
81
At week 7, notices form betwen the digital rays in the ____.
Hand plates
82
At week 7, when the notches form between the digital rays in the hand plates the ____ region is visible.
Elbow
83
At week 7, digital rays are ____ formed in the foot plates.
Clearly
84
At week 7, eyelids are ____.
Forming
85
At week 7, nipples are ____.
Visible
86
At week 7, umbilical herniation of the midgut is ____.
Prominent
87
At week 7, limbs extend ____.
Ventrally
88
At week 8, ____ begins in the femur.
Primary ossifaction
89
At week 8, hands and feet come together ____.
Ventrally
90
At week 8, baby has ____ appearance.
Human
91
At week 8, the head is very large, ____ the embryo.
Almost 1/2
92
At week 8, the ____ region develops.
Neck
93
At week 8, the eyelids ____.
Close
94
At week 8, the intestines are still in the ____ portion of the umbilical cord.
Proximal
95
At week 8, ____ take on their final shape.
Auricles
96
At week 8, ____ genitalia develop.
External
97
At week 8, external genitalia ____ differentiate sex.
Cannot
98
Estimation of embryonic age:
``` Ext characteristics = development Measurement of length Greatest length Crown-rump length Crown-heel length ```
99
Embryonic age estimation: G-L= C-R= C-H=
Greatest length Crown-rump Crown-heel
100
Estimation of gestational age has 2 reference points:
Onset of last normal menstrual period (LNMP) Probable time of fertilization (conception)
101
Ultrasound assessment of the size of the chorionic sac gives ____ day +/- 2 day deduction to determine fertilization age.
14

Embryo (4 decks)

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