Spinal Cord Development

Question 1

Development of the spinal cord begins with the ____ canal.

Answer 1

Neural tube-neural

Question 2

Both ends of the developing spinal cord are ____ communicating with amniotic fluid.

Answer 2

Open

Question 3

Neuropores close ____ day 25, ____ day 27.

Answer 3

Rostral

Caudal

Question 4

Spinal cord starts at the level of the ____ part of somites.

Answer 4

4th

Question 5

The lateral walls of the neural tube ____.

Answer 5

Thicken

Question 6

Neural canal becomes a ____ central canal by week 9-10.

Answer 6

Small

Question 7

Lateral walls of the spinal cord are made up of thick ____.

Answer 7

Neuroepithelium

Question 8

The neuroepithelium is composed of 3 zones:

Answer 8

Ventricular
Marginal
Intermediate

Question 9

Ventricular zone of neuroepithelium is aka:

Answer 9

Ependymal layer

Question 10

Neuroepithelium differentiates into ___ types of cells.

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Neuroepithelium differentiates into the following 2 types of cells:

Answer 11

Neuroblasts-neurons
Glioblasts-NCS supporting cells
Ependyma (becomes central canal after glioblast formation ceases)

Question 12

Glioblasts form the following 2 types of glial cells:

Answer 12

Astrocytes

Oliogodendrocytes

Question 13

Astrocyte formation from glial cells develop into the following 2 types:

Answer 13

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Fibrous astrocytes

Question 14

Protoplasmic astrocytes are:

Answer 14

The gray matter of the CNS, make contact with capillaries

Question 15

The fibrous astrocytes:

Answer 15

White matter of the CNS, also making contact with capillaries, scaring of the CNS

Question 16

Astrocytes:

Answer 16

Multifunctional neurotransmitter production

Help form BBB, regulate extcell ion between neurons, form neuroskeletal CNS and involved in scaring of the CNS after injury.

Question 17

Oligodendrocyte:

Answer 17

Form myelin in the CNS (similar to schwann cells in PNS)

Can cover multiple nerve cells unlike schwann cells

Question 18

Microglia develop from ____ surround the CNS

Answer 18

Mesenchyme

Question 19

Microglia appear in:

Answer 19

Gray and white matter

Question 20

Microglia are ____ phagocytic cells.

Answer 20

Mononuclear

Question 21

____ are the first and main form of immune response in the CNS.

Answer 21

Microglia

Question 22

Marginal zone of neuroepithelium is the ___ part.

Answer 22

Outer

Question 23

The marginal zone becomes ____ matter of the cord.

Answer 23

White

Question 24

The marginal zone is made up of axons from the brain ____ bodies in the cord (ventricular zone) and spinal ____.

Answer 24

Nerve cell

Ganglia

Question 25

Intermediate zone of neuroepithelium forms as developing neurons from the ____ zone grow.

Answer 25

Ventricular

Question 26

Neuroepithelial cells produce ____ walls and ____ roof/floor plates.

Answer 26

Thick | Thin

Question 27

Thickening of the lateral walls of the spinal cord produces a ____.

Answer 27

Groove

Question 28

Dorsal and ventral ____ appear in the lateral walls of the spinal cord.

Answer 28

Sulcus limitans

Question 29

Dorsal plate of spinal cord lateral wall is called ____.

Answer 29

Alar plate

Question 30

Ventral plate of spinal cord lateral wall is called ____.

Answer 30

Basal plate

Question 31

The roof plate is located above the ____ plate.

Answer 31

Alar

Question 32

The floor plate is above the ____ plate.

Answer 32

Basal

Question 33

The alar plate forms the dorsal gray ____ which run the length of the spinal cord.

Answer 33

Columns

Question 34

In transverse sections the dorsal gray gray columns are the dorsal gray ____.

Answer 34

Horns

Question 35

Neurons in the dorsal gray columns are sensory tract ____ nuclei.

Answer 35

Afferent

Question 36

As the alar plates enlarge, the dorsal ____ forms.

Answer 36

Median septum

Question 37

Basal plate contains ____ and ____ gray columns.

Answer 37

Ventral | Lateral

Question 38

In transverse section of ventral and lateral gray columns, they are the ventral and lateral gray ____.

Answer 38

Horns

Question 39

Neurons in the ventral and lateral columns are motor tract ____ nuclei.

Answer 39

Motor

Question 40

Always remember ventral part of the spinal cord is ____ and dorsal is ____.

Answer 40

Motor | Sensory

Question 41

Spinal meninges develop from cells of the ____ and ____ between 20 and 35 days.

Answer 41

Neural crest | Mesenchyme

Question 42

Spinal meninge cells migrate to surround the ____ tube forming the primordial meninges.

Answer 42

Neural

Question 43

The external layer of the primordial meninge membranes thicken to form the ____.

Answer 43

Dura mater.

Question 44

The interal layer of the meningial membranes begins as the pia ____ layer.

Answer 44

Arachnoid

Question 45

The pia arachnoid layer is aka ____.

Answer 45

Leptomeninges

Question 46

Leptomeninges separate form fluid filled cavities called ____.

Answer 46

Subarachnoid space

Question 47

The dura mater and arachnoid ends at ____ in adults.

Answer 47

S2

Question 48

Pia mater continues to the ____ coccygeal segment.

Answer 48

1st

Question 49

At the 1st coccygeal segment, the ____ is present.

Answer 49

Filum terminale

Question 50

The filum terminale is the original end of the ____.

Answer 50

Spinal cord

Question 51

CSF forms week ____.

Answer 51

5

Question 52

CSF fills the ____.

Answer 52

Sub arachnoid space

Question 53

When the spinal cord first forms, the spinal nerves exit the cord adjacent to the ____.

Answer 53

IVF

Question 54

The ____ and the ____ of the spinal cord out growth the cord itself.

Answer 54

Meninges | Osseous structures

Question 55

At week 24, the end of the cord is at the level of ____.

Answer 55

S1

Question 56

At birth, the end of the cord is at ____.

Answer 56

L2-L3

Question 57

In adults, the cord ends at the ____ border of L1.

Answer 57

Inferior

Question 58

Because the spine outgrows the cord, the ____ and ____ nerve roots elongate so they can exit their IVF.

Answer 58

Lumbar | Sacral

Question 59

The lumbar and sacral nerve roots when elongated are called the ____.

Answer 59

Cauda equina