exam III

Question 1

adolescence traditional vs new (Siegel) view

Answer 1

time of storm+stress vs time of courage+creativity

Question 2

adolescence asynchronous maturation

Answer 2

limbic system + reward centers before prefrontal cortex

Question 3

limbic system reactions

Answer 3

quick, emotional (joy/fear/anger)

Question 4

prefrontal cortex reactions

Answer 4

executive functions, planning, inhibition, reasoning

Question 5

adolescence neurological advances

Answer 5

dendritic connections, pruning, myelination, enhanced dopamine, developing habits + priorities

Question 6

asynchronous growth

Answer 6

extremities develop first

Question 7

adolescence growth spurt

Answer 7

lungs triple in size, heart doubles, torso lengthens

Question 8

primary sex characteristics

Answer 8

grow during puberty - vagina, uterus, penis, testes

Question 9

menarche

Answer 9

1st menstrual period (12.5yrs)

Question 10

spermarche

Answer 10

1st ejaculation (12.75yrs)

Question 11

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 11

not directly revolved in reproduction, indicate sexual maturity

Question 12

timing of puberty depends on…

Answer 12

2/3 variation is genetic, females usually b4 males, higher % body fat = earlier puberty

Question 13

age 12-15 cognitive development

Answer 13

think idealistically, logically, and abstractly - formal operational thought

Question 14

hypothetical-deductive thought

Answer 14

reasoning that includes proportions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

Question 15

inductive reasoning

Answer 15

specific –> general

Question 16

deductive reasoning

Answer 16

general –> specific

Question 17

dual-process model of cognition

Answer 17

intuitive/heuristic vs analytic
intuitive dominates during adolescence

Question 18

analytical thinking is advanced by…

Answer 18

maturation, context, experience, practice – can be improved by “social” thinking

Question 19

personal fable

Answer 19

belief that thoughts/feelings/experiences are unique + more wonderful/awful than anyone else’s

Question 20

adolescent erikson stage

Answer 20

identity vs role confusion

Question 21

erikson 4 aspects of identity

Answer 21

religious, political, career, gender

Question 22

self-esteem decline

Answer 22

at ~11, lowest at 12-13, rises

Question 23

4 components of family closeness

Answer 23

communication, support, connectedness, monitoring

Question 24

homophily

Answer 24

tendency to befriend people who are similar

Question 25

teens value __ and __ in peers

Answer 25

intimacy and loyality

Question 26

adolescent social brain

Answer 26

neural networks associated with understanding the views and intentions of other people

Question 27

dunphy sequence of romantic relationships

Answer 27

1) socializing 2) crushes develop 3) early romantic phase, going out w groups 4) more exclusive

Question 28

adolescent sexuality trends

Answer 28

use of protection increased, sexual activity declining, highest rate of common STIs

Question 29

pregnancy consequences to <16 mother

Answer 29

spontaneous abortion, high blood pressure, pre-term birth

Question 30

depression gender differences

Answer 30

girls 2x as common as boys, rumination

Question 31

rumination

Answer 31

repeatedly thinking + talking about past experiences

Question 32

suicide gender differences

Answer 32

females 3x more attempts, men completed attempts 4x more

Question 33

ethnic highest suicide rates

Answer 33

non-hispanic whites and native americans

Question 34

early adulthood age range

Answer 34

18-29

Question 35

epigenetic aging begins at / is influenced by

Answer 35

birth / your environment

Question 36

five external markers of adulthood

Answer 36

finishing school, establishing a household, finding work, committing to a long-term relationship, having children

Question 37

"prime of life"

Answer 37

sex/reproduction/fertility at peak, delayed pregnancy + fewer children

Question 38

postformal thought

Answer 38

more practical/flexible, less impulsive/reactive, formal analysis, understanding inconsistencies + contradictions

Question 39

relativistic thinking

Answer 39

no absolute truth, but rather a collection of different perspectives

Question 40

dialectical thinking

Answer 40

look at opposing sides to a problem, explore the contradictions, and accept that the solution may lie somewhere in between

Question 41

postformal thought

Answer 41

think through complex issues by reviewing different viewpoints, considering emotional, contextual, + interpersonal factors

Question 42

early adulthood erikson stage

Answer 42

intimacy vs isolation

Question 43

intimacy "requirements"

Answer 43

"self-expansion", sacrifice, vulernability

Question 44

early adulthood emotional devleopment

Answer 44

increasing risk of psychopathology, diathesis stress model