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lifespan dev in context > exam IV (final) > Flashcards

exam IV (final) Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

middle adulthood major objectives

A

expand responsibility, more aware of time, satisfaction in career

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2
Q

mechanics of aging

A

telomeres at end of each chromosome and epigenetic
marks at the edges of DNA begin to wear away

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3
Q

middle adulthood vision

A

cornea flattens, lens lose flexibility, weakened muscle changing lens shape, ability to see in dim light declines, limited color discrimination

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4
Q

presbyopia

A

farsightedness, inability to focus lens on close objects

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5
Q

middle adulthood hearing

A

age-associated hearing loss is mostly preventable, mens quicker than womens

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6
Q

presbycusis

A

“old hearing” - apparent in 50s, loss begins w high-pitched sounds

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7
Q

middle adulthood endurance

A

at its peak

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8
Q

By age 50, about ___ of men show some signs of hair
loss

A

half

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9
Q

middle adulthood skin

A

layers of skin loosen/thin, loss of fat –> wrinkling+loosening, women experience sooner+quicker

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10
Q

middle adulthood muscles

A

rate of decline in muscle mass &
strength accelerates in 40s, isometric strength retained

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11
Q

middle adulthood bones

A

density decline after 30s, thinner+more porous, losing height

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12
Q

menopause average age

A

51

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13
Q

influence of menopause timing

A

heredity + lifestyle/contextual influences

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14
Q

official start of menopause

A

1 year after last menstrual period

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15
Q

perimenopause

A

transition to menopause, extending from 3 years
before & after menopause

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16
Q

perimenopause symptoms

A

shorter cycle, erratic periods, less predictable, hot flashes, reduced arousal

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17
Q

men middle adulthood hormonal changes

A

slight declines in sex hormones of ~2% a year

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18
Q

“sandwich generation”

A

middle-aged adults pressed to meet demands of career & family BUT often have demands of caring for aging parents

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19
Q

tobacco use

A

smoking rates have declined

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20
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

The accumulation of facts and information from past experiences

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21
Q

fluid intelligence

A

connections among ideas + inferences, processing/problem-solving

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22
Q

middle adulthood - crystallized vs fluid intelligence trend

A

fluid declines, crystallized increases

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23
Q

inihibition

A

ability to resist interference from irrelevant information to stay focused on the task at hand - becomes more difficult over adult years

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24
Q

middle adulthood memory

A

capacity of working memory declines from 20s-60s, related to changes in attention

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25
Most consistent age-related cognitive decline
processing speed
26
processing speed decline trend
more complex the task, the greater the age-related decline in reaction time
27
middle adulthood erikson stage(s)
intimacy vs isolation may finish or come back , main = generativity vs stagnation
28
4 types of generativity
biological, parental, work, cultural
29
primary form of generativity
parenthood - profound changes/transitions
30
employment benefits on generativity
personal skills, creative energy, mentor coworkers, support education + health, community building
31
maslow hierarchy of needs
PSaLSuS-A
32
"social clock"
timetable for behaviors set by social/cultural norms
33
social convoy
network of relationships that protect & travel through time with you
34
Lower-income adults break up at ____ the rate as more affluent ones
twice
35
For 1st marriages in the U.S., most divorces occur within _ yrs, __% take place after 20 years or more
5; 10
36
5 definitions of age
chronological, perceived, biological, psychosocial/cognitive, sociocultural
37
most diverse period of the lifespan
late adulthood
38
Gerontologists (scientists who study aging) suggest that late adulthood begins at about age:
65
39
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
basic living skills that include independently using the bathroom, getting dressed, bathing and feeding oneself, moving short distances
40
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
includes tasks requiring planning + social skills, such as arranging for transportation, shopping, cooking, organizing finances, keeping your home clean, communicating by phone, and managing medical care and medications
41
late adulthood brain
brain slowdown, new neurons, compensation
42
Reaction time ___ with age
increases
43
cognitive reserve
the ability to maintain your thinking abilities despite getting older
44
most dramatic decline in cognitive skills ~after 70
processing speed
45
late adulthood working memory vs long-term memory
working memory declines w age, long-term more slow in speed of retrieval
46
factors affecting learning abilities
pacing, anxiety, meaningfulness, motivation, physical health
47
mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
adult has more cognitive challenges than would be expected for a person of their age but is still able to function in their everyday life
48
alzheimer disease
gradual deterioration of memory and personality --- formation of plaques of beta-amyloid protein and tangles of tau protein in the brain
49
5 stages of alzheimer disease
forgetfulness, confusion, memory loss, impaired communication, unresponsiveness
50
vascular cognitive disorder
injuries to cardiovascular system disrupt brain and cognitive functioning -- svecond-most common NCD of aging
51
vascular cognitive disorder causes
small or large breaks in blood vessel
52
Highest rates of depression in:
young adults + middle aged
53
depression in aging causes
physical factors, psychological factors, personality factors, medications
54
erikson late adulthood stage
ego integrity vs despair - adults review, or integrate, their past and make peace with themselves
55
Selective Optimization with Compensation
maximize gains, minimize losses
56
Socio-Emotional Selectivity Theory
Selectivity based on limited time focus -- positivity effect
57
Disengagement Theory
gradual withdrawal from world, compelled by society
58
Continuity Theory
remaining active, consistency in self
59
4 types grandparenting relationships
remote, companionate, involved, surrogate
60
low social support associated with
cardiovascular disease, cancer, infectious diseases, and mortality
61
19th century vs 20th century view on death
household events vs life-extending factors
62
clinical death
stage in the dying process when breathing / heart stop. cardiac arrest in medical field
63
brain death
irreversible brain damage that makes them unable to function and respond to stimulation
64
terminal decline
changes in cognition, processing, and/or personality, which signify that a person is nearing death
65
terminal agitation
A condition in which a dying person becomes restless, upset, and/or delirious
66
terminal lucidity
unexpected return to consciousness or cognitive clarity in people who are at the end of life
67
Damage to the ____ triggers the end of life
brain stem
68
kuber-ross stages of dying
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
69
palliative care
improving quality of life & eliminating pain
70
hospice care
end-of-life care that focuses on eliminating suffering, by treating the emotional, physical, spiritual, and social needs of dying people and their families
71
health care proxy
names a specific person to make health care decisions for you if you are unconscious or unable to make medical decisions
72
passive euthanasia
allowing to die without extraordinary means to extend life
73
active euthanasia
deliberate act to end a person’s life - not legal anywhere
74
physician-assisted death
providing a lethal dose of a medication a terminally ill patient may take to end their own life
75
physician-assisted death requirements
patient not depressed, doctor can't administer medication, <6 months to live, 15 day waiting period
76
opposed/more vulnerable to PAD
Women, African Americans, lower SES, lower education
77
adulthood age range
25-65
78
middle aged alzheimer's progresses...
more rapidly
79
Theories that describe the ways in which societies place people on a particular life path are called _____
stratification theories

lifespan dev in context (4 decks)

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