Exam Midterm Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
absolute location
A
geographical coordinantes
2
Q
relative location
A
in relation to another location. ie. by McGilvrey hall
3
Q
humans effect environment. ie. trash island
A
environmental degradation
4
Q
environment effecting humans
A
environmental interaction
5
Q
closed system
A
only energy can transfer; matter contained
6
Q
open system
A
energy and matter transfer
7
Q
negative feedback
A
produces new change
8
Q
positive feedback
A
initial change ie. climate change
9
Q
loop feedback
A
can be positive or negative
10
Q
axis angle
A
20.5 deg
11
Q
perihelion
A
closest to the sun
12
Q
aphelion
A
farthest from sun
13
Q
equator
A
0 deg
14
Q
Tropic of Cancer
A
23.5 deg N
15
Q
Tropic of Capricorn
A
23.5 deg S
16
Q
arctic circle
A
66.6 deg N
17
Q
antarctic circle
A
66.5 deg S
18
Q
prime meridian
A
0 deg longitude
19
Q
international date line
A
180 deg longitude
20
Q
temperature line
A
isotherm
21
Q
pressure line
A
isobar
22
Q
ocean depth line
A
isobath
23
Q
precipitation line
A
isobtes
24
Q
shortwave radiation examples
A
gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet
25
longwave
microwaves, tv/radio waves
26
receipt of amount of radiation
solar constant
27
average insolation
340 m>2
28
insolation
amount of solar intensity in certain places
29
Summer Solstice
- sun overhead at Tropic of Cancer
- long days and short nights
30
Autumnal Equinox
- sun overhead at equator
- equal length day and night
30
Winter Solstice
- sun overhead at Tropic of Capricorn
- shortest day of the year
31
Spring Equinox
- sun overhead at equator
- equal lengths of day and night
32
analemma
chart that tells where sun will be overhead at a certain time
33
troposphere
lower layer of atmosphere- contains water vapor and weather conditions, clouds, etc
34
stratosphere
holds ozone- tempereature increase
35
mesosphere
temp drops with alt increase
36
thermosphere
temp increases with alt increase
37
convection
fluid only; vertical transfer of heat
38
radiation
electromagnetic waves
39
conduction
heat transfer through contact with individual molecule
40
advection
horizontal movement of heat
41
earths energy budget
determination/inventory
42
latent heat
heat released that is stored in water
43
calorie
a unit of energy
44
farenheit scale
212 boiling point 32 freezing
45
celcius scale
100 boiling point 0 freezing
46
Fahrenheit to Celsius
C= F-32/1.8
47
Celcius to Fahrenheit
F= (1.8xC)+32
48
heat
total summed up kinetic energy of atoms that make up a substance
49
temperature
average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance
50
does a cup or bathtub of 100 deg have more heat?
bathtub
51
albedo
ability of a surface to reflect radiation
52
high albedo
high reflection, low absorption, lower temps
53
low albedo
low reflection, high absorption, higher temps
54
T/F: gas density is higher closer to the earth
true
55
cyclone
low pressure system- air is converging and rising. causes rain and storms
56
anticyclone
high pressure system- air is diverging and sinking. causes calm sunny weather
57
windward wind
left side of mountain; has more precipitation
58
leeward wind
right side of mountain; drier than windward, less precipitation
59
Coriolis effect
the direction of winds being deflected by force of earth's rotation
60
T/F: wind flows from high to low pressure
true
61
El Niño
warmer than average SURFACE temperatures
62
what percent of earths surface is water
73
63
first largest source of freshwater?
ice caps and glaciers
64
second largest source of freshwater
groundwater
65
hydrologic system is open or closed?
closed
66
absolute humidity
measure of total water vapor in the air
67
RH% equation
(content in air/possible content max) x100
68
strato
low level cloud
69
alto
middle level
70
cirro
high level
71
cirrus
wispy and thin, high in sky
72
cumulus
puffy heap/pile, flat base, develop vertically
73
stratus
layers in sky, dull and gray, full coverage
74
adiabatic cooling/heating
air parcel heats/cools because of atmospheric pressure, not because of heat transfer
75
T/F: atmospheric pressure increases with altitude
F
76
environmental lapse rate
6.5 degC per 1000m
77
adiabatic lapse rate
10 degC per 1000m
78
wet lapse rate
5 degC per 1000m
79
the apparent deflection of anything moving horizontally from a path of travel due to rotation of the earth is _______
Coriolis effect/force
80
lines that join places of equal elevation
contour lines (topographic)
81
rising air is
unstable
82
sinking air is
stable
83
neutral air is
not moving/the same temperature as environment
84
what precipitation process creates rain?
coalition-coalescence
85
what precipitation process creates snow?
Bergeton process
86
what is the uplift mechanism
warm air rising then condensing
87
caused precipitation type that involves land barriers and mountains
orographic uplift
88
precipitation caused by meeting of warm moist air with cold dry air; when two air masses meet along the front
frontal activity; cold and warm front
89
precipitation caused by heated air expands and rises upon contact with ground
convection
90
precipitation caused by convergence of air at low pressure point
cyclonic uplift
91
where on earths surface does heaviest rainfall occur
along tropical regions bc warmest air lies there
92
allows place or condensation to occur
condensation nuclei
93
Tradewinds move from...
subtropical high to equatorial low
94
easterlies move from...
polar highs to subpolar low
95
tropical easterlies move from...
east to west
96
westerlies move from...
subtropical high to sub polar low
97
North Pole
90 degN
98
South Pole
90 degS
99
40 deg,41'21"
40+ 41/60+ 21/3600= 40.689
100
what kind of map graphs elevation
topographic map
100
what is the declination of the sun at the summer solstice
23.5 deg N; Tropic of Cancer
101
what is the declination of the sun at the winter solstice
23.5 deg S; Tropic of Capricorn
102
list permanent gasses
nitrogen, oxygen, argon, neon, helium, hydrogen, xeon
103
list variable gasses
water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, particles, chlorofluorocarbons
104
equatorial low
105
subtropical high
next to equator
106
subtropical low
after subtropical high
107
subpolar low
before polar high
108
polar high
at north and south poles
109
relative humidity
dividing actual humidity by the maximum possible humidity, multiplied by 100
110
loss of water in atmosphere from plants
transpiration
