Exam One

Question 1

thanatology

Answer 1

the study of death, dying, and bereavement

Question 2

pall (object)

Answer 2

a cloth covering placed over the casket during a funeral service

Question 3

pall (emotion)

Answer 3

also describes a somber mood or tone that pervades a place

Question 4

denial of death

Answer 4

describes the modern death-denying attitudes about death

Question 5

Who created the term “denial of death” and when?

Answer 5

Cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker in 1973

Question 6

Who created the term “death anxiety” and when?

Answer 6

Psychologist Herman Feifel in his 1959 book “The Meaning of Death”

Question 7

bereavement

Answer 7

the experience of loss, usually, through death

Question 8

didactic approach

Answer 8

an instructor imparts knowledge, values, and skills
believed to be beneficial for learning

Question 9

experiential approach

Answer 9

an instructor directly engages students in real
life activities designed to evoke feeling and changing of attitudes

Question 10

teachable moments

Answer 10

real-life experiences related to death

Question 11

four-facet model

Answer 11

the four fundamental dimensions of coping with dying

Question 12

Who created the four-facet model?

Answer 12

Alan R. Kemp

Question 13

What are the four components of the four-facet model?

Answer 13

physical, social, psychological, spiritual

Question 14

What does the physical facet include?

Answer 14

the physical dimensions of living with the focus on the senses

Question 15

What does the social facet include?

Answer 15

an individual’s relationships

Question 16

What does the psychological facet include?

Answer 16

the entirety of human subjective experience

Question 17

What does the spiritual facet include?

Answer 17

the dimension of life that reflects the need to find meaning or
connectedness to a universe greater than oneself, and to a sense of transcendence

Question 18

death system

Answer 18

the people, places, times, objects, and symbols that
provide a society with a way to address our experiences with death, dying,
and bereavement

Question 19

culture

Answer 19

includes language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and
material objects passed on from one generation to the next

Question 20

religion

Answer 20

a set of organized beliefs and practices about the
supernatural

Question 21

simple spiritualism

Answer 21

the belief that supernatural forces
shape course of human events without using a specific religious
belief or system

Question 22

Terror Management Theory (TMT)

Answer 22

extension of Becker’s concept of denial of death
into a theory

Question 23

What does TMT argue about death?

Answer 23

We are saved from becoming overwhelmed by mortality with culture and self
esteem

Question 24

What are the five steps of TMT?

Answer 24

(1) Death invades, (2) Proximal reactions, (3) Nonconscious simmering, (4) Distal reactions, (5) Terror of death is managed

Question 25

What is TMT dependent on?

Answer 25

social consensus and culture

Question 26

How does one's perspective shift as argued by TMT?

Answer 26

Conversion (beliefs were not adequate), Derogate (belittle another system), Assimilation, Accommodate (merging of beliefs), Annihilate (destruction of other beliefs)

Question 27

mortality salience

Answer 27

the influence of death awareness on human behavior

Question 28

dual-defense model

Answer 28

reactions to terror through proximal or distal reactions

Question 29

proximal reactions

Answer 29

reactions that occur right away in response to an explicit threat

Question 30

distal reactions

Answer 30

longer-term reactions that are more likely to occur over time

Question 31

What fraction of Americans die in an institutional setting?

Answer 31

2/3

Question 32

What were the four most important inventions of modern medicine?

Answer 32

Sanitation in 1858; Diseases and pathogens in 1864; Antibiotics in 1935; Polio vaccine in 1950

Question 33

When did shift from death at home to hospitals begin?

Answer 33

1930s

Question 34

How much did life expectancy raise from 1900 to 2000?

Answer 34

30 years

Question 35

Who provided an explanation of Western culture's perspective on death?

Answer 35

Philippe Aries

Question 36

What were the different perspectives on death as argued by Aries?

Answer 36

Tame death; death of self; remote and imminent death; death of others; invisible death/denied death

Question 37

tame death

Answer 37

Middle Age belief that death was a community event; Salvation from baptism and church membership

Question 38

Death of self

Answer 38

Late Middle Age belief that death was personal; Concerns about Hell; salvation is NOT guaranteed; Ars Moriendi

Question 39

remote and imminent death

Answer 39

Renaissance through 1600s belief that death was fascinating but also should be avoided; reflection of shifting influence to science

Question 40

death of others

Answer 40

1700s/1800s belief that death was sentimental with a focus on survivors' bereavement; Enlightenment; seances/mediums

Question 41

invisible death/death denied

Answer 41

Western idea that death is embarrassing/taboo because of modern medicine; death versus medicine

Question 42

death in Agrarian age

Answer 42

extended family living in farmhouses; death at home was the "good death"; enslaved individuals were not awarded with good death

Question 43

death in Industrial age

Answer 43

nuclear families overtook extended families; death is further away because of institutionalization and end of life care

Question 44

modern death equation

Answer 44

shift from agrarian to industrial + modern medical advances = a new way to die

Question 45

When did life expectancy drop and by how much?

Answer 45

During COVID-19 pandemic and by half a year to a year

Question 46

ars moriendi

Answer 46

art of the dying

Question 47

What are the five deathbed temptations depicted in ars moriendi?

Answer 47

Lack of faith; Despair; Impatience; Spiritual pride; Greed/Attachment to physical objects

Question 48

Who are the three authors associated with A.M.?

Answer 48

(1) Erasmus & "Preparing to Death" (15th to 16th century) (2) Perkins & "Salve for a Sicke Man" (16th and 17th century) (3) Taylor & "The Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying" (17th century)