Exam Two

Question 1

ars moriendi

Answer 1

art of the dying

Question 2

What Aries perspective of death did ars moriendi originate during?

Answer 2

Death of Self (Middle Ages-15th Century)

Question 3

What are the five deathbed temptations depicted in ars moriendi?

Answer 3

Lack of faith; Despair; Impatience; Spiritual pride; Greed/Attachment to physical objects

Question 4

Lack of faith

Answer 4

Lack of faith in God or questioning his plans for you upon dying.

Question 5

Despair

Answer 5

When reminded of previous sins and carrying of regrets of not having lived a “proper life”

Question 6

Impatience

Answer 6

Struggling with suffering and trying to rush the process of dying; Jesus taught us to feel pain and welcome death when he died on the cross

Question 7

Spiritual Pride

Answer 7

A feeling of superiority over others in relation to God

Question 8

Greed

Answer 8

Undo attachment to physical objects and wealth; Consumerism

Question 9

Death Drama

Answer 9

The depiction of death and dying that includes: (1) the dying individual, (2) a crowded room, and (3) religious symbolisms/figures

Question 10

Who are the three authors associated with A.M.?

Answer 10

(1) Erasmus & “Preparing to Death” (15th to 16th century)
(2) Perkins & “Salve for a Sicke Man” (16th and 17th century)
(3) Taylor & “The Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying” (17th century)

Question 11

How many newborns die each year?

Answer 11

More than 23,000

Question 12

What are the top three causes of death for newborns?

Answer 12

Congenital malformations
Short gestation/Low weight
Maternal complications

Question 13

What are the top three causes of death for toddlers?

Answer 13

Unintentional injuries
Congenital Malformations
Homicide

Question 14

What are the top three causes of death for kids in early childhood?

Answer 14

Accidents
Cancer
Congenital Malformations

Question 15

What are the top three causes of death for kids in middle childhood?

Answer 15

Accidents
Suicide
Malignant neoplasms (cancer)

Question 16

What are the leading causes of death for people aged 15-24?

Answer 16

Motor vehicle accidents
Suicide
Homicide

Question 17

What are the leading causes of death for people aged 25-34?

Answer 17

Accidents (unintentional poisoning)
Suicide
Homicide

Question 18

What are the leading causes of death for people aged 35-44?

Answer 18

Accidents
Cancer
Heart Disease

Question 19

What are the leading causes of death for people aged 45-65?

Answer 19

Cancer
Heart Disease
Unintentional injuries

Question 20

What are the leading causes of death for people 65+?

Answer 20

Heart Disease
Cancer
Chronic lower respiratory disease

Question 21

What are Jean Piaget’s four key stages of cognitive development?

Answer 21

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations

Question 22

What are Maria Nagy’s three stages of children’s understandings of death?

Answer 22

Children under 5
Children 5-9
Children 9+

Question 23

What are three Nagy concepts of death that children learn to understand?

Answer 23

Death is irreversible, universal, and inevitable.

Question 24

What are three common questions children ask when a loved one has died according to William Worden?

Answer 24

Did I cause it?
Will it happen to me?
Who’s going to take care of me?

Question 25

What do Abrahamic traditions believe occurs after physical death?

Answer 25

A soul continues to exist spiritually

Question 26

What does Judaism state about death?

Answer 26

No emphasis on soul until Greek occupation by Alexander Community life within afterlife More recent views on transcendence Only some denominations believe in reincarnation

Question 27

What does Christianity state about death?

Answer 27

Inherited Jewish beliefs but structured by New Testament Resurrection of Jesus inspires belief in resurrection

Question 28

What does Islam state about death?

Answer 28

Prophet Muhammed rejected Judaism and Christianity Strongest belief of soul as depicted in Qur'an Soul waits in grave until time of judgement

Question 29

What does Hinduism state about death?

Answer 29

Atman or "soul" that survives cycles of death and rebirth (samsara) Real life is an illusion known as maya

Question 30

What does Buddhism state about death?

Answer 30

No beliefs in atman or soul but rather anatman The self we experience is transient and whatever persists is part of a continuity Nirvana occurs when one merges with the cosmos

Question 31

What are the names of Hindi and Buddhist afterlives?

Answer 31

Moksha/Moska & Nirvana

Question 32

Who established embalming stations and embalming fluid at the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War?

Answer 32

Dr. Thomas Holmes

Question 33

Who was the first soldier embalmed during the Civil War?

Answer 33

Colonel Elmer Ellsworth in 1861

Question 34

When was the funeral director profession founded and established nationally?

Answer 34

January 1880 with the creation of the National Funeral Directors Association

Question 35

Who and when was formaldehyde created?

Answer 35

German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann in 1868

Question 36

What are the benefits of embalming?

Answer 36

Slows decomposition Reduces bacterial microorganisms Eases transportation process Preserves physical appearance of body

Question 37

Which religions forbid embalming?

Answer 37

Orthodox Judaism and Islam

Question 38

Purge

Answer 38

fluids that seep from lungs, stomach, or intestines following death

Question 39

Rigor mortis

Answer 39

stiffening of muscles following death

Question 40

Trocar

Answer 40

mortician instrument used to drain gas and fluids from body

Question 41

What is the average funeral cost in America?

Answer 41

Over $5,000 (cheap are considered to be $7,000 to $8,000)

Question 42

What is the range of caskets and burial plots?

Answer 42

A few hundred dollars to $25,000

Question 43

When did the funeral industry in the United States become regulated, and by who?

Answer 43

Publication of Funeral Rule in 1984 by Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Question 44

What are the requirements of the Funeral Rule?

Answer 44

Funeral directors must disclose their basic fees and casket prices Funeral homes must use caskets from elsewhere Alternative and low-cost caskets must be available

Question 45

What two items are used to ensure evenness of cemetery grounds?

Answer 45

Grave liners or burial vaults

Question 46

How much can a cremation cost?

Answer 46

A few hundred dollars to $1,000 dollars.

Question 47

What is a cremation chamber called?

Answer 47

Retort

Question 48

What temperatures does a retort reach and for how long?

Answer 48

1,400 to 1,800 degrees F and for 1.5 to 3 hours

Question 49

What are remains following a cremation called?

Answer 49

Cremains

Question 50

What are Jewish burial/funeral customs?

Answer 50

Someone must be with the body (mit) at all times Funeral done by chevra kadisha Washed and cleaned by member of same sex Placed in wooden casket with no metal Covered in shroud and prayer shawl Kaddish is recited at funeral Shiva or week of rest

Question 51

What are Roman Catholic burial/funeral customs?

Answer 51

Close casket services with pall covered in holy water Funeral mass with prayers and eulogies Cremation permitted since 1965

Question 52

What are Protestant burial/funeral customs?

Answer 52

Simpler than Roman Catholic services Scripture and Sermon

Question 53

What are Islamic burial/funeral customs?

Answer 53

Burial shortly after death Washed by same sex three times Bodies wrapped in cloth and kafan (women) Recitation of du'a Service in a mosque cemetery Body placed on right with head facing Mecca

Question 54

What are Hindu burial/funeral customs?

Answer 54

Cremation (antyesti) Belief in spiritual path (dharma) Person's feet are laid south with a lamp Eldest son cares for body (bath, clip nails, gold, leaves, colored clothes, bamboo and flowers) Placed on pyre and chanting of Vedas Ceased activity for family up to 10 days

Question 55

What are Buddhist burial/funeral customs?

Answer 55

Belief in reincarnation but consciousness reformed in life Great diversity in practices Recitation of scriptures Burial or cremation depends on individual's place of origin Monks are cremated because of Buddha