Exam questions Flashcards
(13 cards)
Define what is meant by ‘acclimatisation to high altitude’. State one sporting activity in which performers would benefit from it.
( 2 Marks)
An athlete/performer adapting to being in an environment with lower oxygen levels. Endurance cyclists will benefit from this.
Diet and nurtition
Discuss the use of RhEPO (recombinant erythropoietin) as a method of enhancing performance
(5 marks)
- EPO is a hormone that is injected into the body
- It increased RBC count in the athletes body
- More oxygen can be transported to working muscles so can perform longer
- It is illegal
- Can cause increased blood viscocity and blood clotting
Diet and nutrition
Glycogen loading is a method used to improve performance.
Decribe the process of glycogen loading. (3 marks)
- Causes severe glycogen depletion in muscles
- 3 days before event-Eat high carbohydrate diet
- 7-3 days before event-train at high intensity each day
Diet and nutrition
How effective is glycogen loading as a means of performance enhancement for endurance activities? (3 marks)
- Increased stores of glycogen in muscles and liver
- Which delays fatigue
- but can cause weight gain and muscle fatigue
Diet and nutrition
Identify two types of ergogenic aids that would benefit an aerobic athlete and explain how they
enhance performance. (5 marks)
- Fluid such as hypo/hyper tonic drinks have varying levels of glucose which reduces the risk of dehydration
- Cooling aids reduced body temperatiure before performing in hot conditions which aids recovery by flushing oxygen
- Food, a high carb snack increases glycogen stores so the athlete has more fuel for aerobic energy system so can resynthesise ATP
Diet and nutrition
Explain why cooling aids are used as a method of improving performance and helping recovery.
Give an example of one cooling aid. ( 5 marks)
- Ice can be used to treat injuries by reducing pain
- Cooling aids reduce core temperature and prevent dehydration
- Cooling aids can reduce swelling
- Cooling aids can result in vasoconstriction that reduces blood flow
- An example of a cooling aid is an ice bath
Diet and nutrition
Compare erythropoietin (EPO) and human growth hormone (HGH) as ergogenic aids to performance. (5 marks)
- Both are illegal supplements
- EPO benefits aerobic athletes
- HGH benefits anaerobic athletes
- A side effect of EPO is an increased blood viscocity
- A side effect of HGH is an abnormal organ growth
Diet and nutrition
Compare creatine and bicarbonate as ergogenic aids to sports performance. (4 marks)
1Creatine helps to increase stores of
phosphocreatine / PC in muscles
and bicarbonate increases buffering
/ removal of lactic acid
2Creatine increases maximum /
explosive strength / power / speed
and bicarbonate increases strength
endurance
3Both are legal
4Both are nutritional aids
Diet and nutrition
Identify a mineral responsible for the formation of haemoglobin. (1 mark)
Iron
Diet and nutrition
Identify one pharmacological aid that would enhance performance in weight lifting and describe
one negative side-effect of this pharmacological aid. (2 marks)
Anabolic steroids- heart failure
Diet and nutrition
Outline the physiological implications of a warm up that would be beneficial to a games player
before a match. (4 marks)
1Increase HR/SV/Q to increase
O2
/blood flow/ reduce O2
deficit
2Vascular shunt/vasodilation to
increase blood flow to muscles
3Increase RR/TV/VE to increase
volume of O2 in lungs/ for gaseous exchange
4Increase elasticity of
muscles/connective tissue to
reduce risk of injury/ DOMS/
increase speed/force of contraction
Diet and nutrition
Critically evaluate the use of cooling aids as a means of performance enhancement. (4 marks)
positives-treats injuries to reduce pain, reduces core bopdy temp
negatives- can cause ice burns, can be dangerous for performers with heart conditions
Diet and nutrition
Describe intermittent hypoxic training. Identify one benefit and one risk associated with its use. (4 marks)
1.Interval training
2.under conditions of low oxygen
3.(benefit) increased RBCs
4.(risk) dehydration
