Exam questions Flashcards
(15 cards)
Explain the fundamental purpose of a computer network.
The main purpose of a computer network is to share resources and information efficiently between devices. Networks allow computers to communicate, share files, printers, applications, and access the internet, leading to improved productivity, collaboration, and cost savings.
Justify the role of a router in a computer network.
A router connects different networks together, like connecting a home or office network to the internet. It routes data packets between devices and networks, chooses the best path for data.
Discuss the OSI Reference Model.
OSI Reference Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) is a way to understand how data moves through a network, like the internet. It breaks down the process into 7 simple layers, each with a specific job.
Physical (cables, signals)
Data Link (MAC addresses, switches)
Network (IP addressing, routers)
Transport (TCP/UDP, reliability)
Session (manages sessions)
Presentation (encryption, data format)
Application (user interface, applications like browsers)
Explain the significance of the OSI Reference Model.
The OSI Model is important because it helps different devices communicate, makes fixing network problems easier, and provides a clear way to understand and build networks.
Standardization: Different companies make devices that work together.
Troubleshooting: Easier to find and fix network problems.
Learning: Makes networking easier to understand.
Modularity: You can change one part without breaking others.
Explain the purpose of subnetting in computer networking
Subnetting divides a large network into smaller, manageable sub-networks (subnets). This improves:
Security (containment of breaches),
Network performance (less congestion),
Efficient IP address usage,
Simplified management of local networks.
Explain the role of NAT (Network Address Translation) in computer networking?
NAT is a method used by routers to let many devices on a private network share one public IP address to access the internet.
NAT helps by letting devices inside your home or office use private IP addresses and then translates them to a single public IP when going online.
Explain the purpose of internetworking protocols in computer networks.
Internetworking protocols like IP (Internet Protocol) define rules for how devices across different networks communicate. They ensure data is formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received correctly.
Explain the significance of layered networking architecture.
It’s a way to organize how data travels through a network by breaking it into layers, where each layer has a specific job.
A popular model is the OSI Model, which has 7 layers, from physical to application layer.
Explain the purpose of IP addressing in a computer network.
An IP address uniquely identifies a device on a network. It allows data to be sent to and from the correct devices and supports network routing.
Explain the function of network routing protocols.
Routing protocols help routers decide how to get data from one place to another efficiently and reliably.
Explain the layers in OSI Reference Models? Describe each layer briefly.
1.Physical Layer: Deals with physical connections and transmission of raw data bits.
2.Data Link Layer:
Makes sure the data travels safely across the physical link.
3.Network Layer: Finds the best path to send the data to the right destination.
4.Transport Layer: Breaks big data into smaller pieces and makes sure they arrive safely and in order.
5.Session Layer:Opens, uses, and closes connections between two computers.
6.Presentation Layer: Prepares or translates the data so that the application can understand it.
7.Application Layer:Interacts with the user and software directly.
Explain the difference between Hub, Switch, and Router?
Hub: It sends data to all devices connected to it, even if only one needs it. This can slow things down.
Switch: It sends data only to the device that needs it. This makes the network faster and more efficient.
Router: A router connects different networks (like your home network to the internet). It decides where data should go between networks.
What is DNS? Explain how it works?
DNS is like the phonebook of the internet. It helps computers find websites by translating names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses (like 142.250.190.78).
Explain MAC addresses?
A MAC address (Media Access Control address) is a unique ID given to a device’s network interface, like a Wi-Fi or Ethernet card.
Explain the different ways to exchange data.
1.Circuit switching (A fixed path is set up before communication, like a phone call.)
2.Packet switching (Packet Switching: Data is split into packets that travel separately, like emails.)
3. Message switching
4.Direct communication models:
-client-server
-peer-to-peer
