Week 1

Question 1

What is Networking?

Answer 1

Networking is the practice of connecting computers and other devices (like phones, printers, and servers) so they can share resources and communicate with each other.

Question 2

What are the Networking components?

Answer 2

Hardware: Routers, switches, cables, access points.

Software: Protocols (e.g., TCP/IP), firewalls, network operating systems.

Question 3

What is the purpose of Networking?

Answer 3

*File sharing
*Internet access
*Communication (email, VoIP)
*Resource sharing (e.g., printers)

Question 4

List of devices that you can connect with a network.

Answer 4

Computer
Printer
Smartphone
Tablet
Server
Router
Switch
Access Point
Smart TV
Game Console

Question 5

Types of Networks:

Answer 5

-Local Area Network (LAN)
-Wide Area Network (WAN)
-Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
-Personal Area Network (PAN)

Question 6

What is the Basic Network Architecture?

Answer 6

Client-Server Model
Peer-to-Peer Model
Hybrid Models

Question 7

What are the Network Topologies?

Answer 7

Star Topology
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
Tree Topology
Hybrid Topology

Question 8

🌟 1. Star Topology

Answer 8

*All devices connect to a central device (usually a switch or hub).
*If one device fails, the network still works.
*If the center fails, everything goes down.

✅ Easy to manage,
❌ Center is a single point of failure

Question 9

🚌 2. Bus Topology

Answer 9

*All devices are connected to a single cable (the “bus”).
*Data travels in both directions on the same line.
*If the main cable fails, the whole network fails.

✅ Cheap and simple,
❌ Not good for lots of devices

Question 10

🔁 3. Ring Topology

Answer 10

*Devices are connected in a circle (or ring).
*Data moves in one direction, passing through each device.
*If one device or connection breaks, the whole ring can stop working.

✅ Organized data flow, ❌ Breaks can affect the whole network

Question 11

🔗 4. Mesh Topology

Answer 11

*Every device is connected to every other device.
*There are multiple paths for data to travel.
*Very reliable but uses a lot of cables.

✅ Very reliable,
❌ Expensive and complex

Question 12

🌲 5. Tree Topology

Answer 12

*A combination of star and bus topologies.
*Devices are grouped in stars, then connected by a bus line (like branches of a tree).
*Good for large networks like schools or companies.

✅ Scalable,
❌ If the main “trunk” fails, parts can go down

Question 13

🧬 6. Hybrid Topology

Answer 13

*A mix of two or more topologies.
Example: Star + Ring, or Mesh + Tree.
*Used in real-world networks where flexibility is needed.

✅ Flexible and efficient, ❌ Can be complex to design

Question 14

🌐What is Internetworking?

Answer 14

Internetworking means connecting two or more different networks so that they can work together and share information.
*It combines multiple networks (like LANs and WANs).
*It uses devices like routers, gateways, and switches.
*The result is a bigger network—like how the Internet is a giant network made up of smaller networks.

Question 15

☁️ What is Cloud Computing?

Answer 15

Cloud computing means using the internet to access and store data, programs, and services, instead of keeping them on your own computer or a local server.

Question 16

🔧 Cloud Computing Services:

Answer 16

1.Storage – Save files online (e.g., Google Drive, Dropbox)
2.Software – Use apps in your browser (e.g., Microsoft 365, Zoom)
3.Computing Power – Run programs or process data (e.g., AWS, Azure)

Question 17

Role of networks in cloud computing?

Answer 17

Networks are the backbone of cloud computing. Without a network, the “cloud” wouldn’t work at all.
🔗 Connect Users to the Cloud
📤 Transfer Data
⚡ Enable Fast Communication
🔐 Provide Security
🌍 Support Global Access

Question 18

Three main types of cloud computing?

Answer 18

☁️ 1. IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
🧠 Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure (Infrastructure level)
🛠️ 2. PaaS – Platform as a Service
🧠 Example: Google App Engine, Heroku
💻 3. SaaS – Software as a Service
🧠 Example: Gmail, Microsoft 365, Zoom, Canva

Question 19

What is Virtualization in Networking?

Answer 19

Virtualization in networking is a technology that allows you to create virtual versions of network resources, like servers, storage devices, or networks, instead of relying on physical hardware

Question 20

Key concepts in virtualization include:

Answer 20

-Virtual Machines (VMs): Multiple “virtual” computers running on a single physical machine, each acting independently with its own OS and apps.
-Hypervisor: Software that manages and runs the virtual machines on a physical server.
-Server Virtualization: Combining several virtual servers on one physical server to optimize resources and save hardware costs.

Question 21

Benefits of Virtualization in Networking:

Answer 21

-Improved Resource Utilization
-Enhanced Scalability
-Cost Savings
-Increased Flexibility and Agility

Question 22

Types of Network Virtualization:

Answer 22

*Server Virtualization: Splitting a physical server into multiple virtual servers to optimize resources and reduce hardware costs.
*Network Function Virtualization (NFV): Moving traditional network functions (like routers, firewalls) to software, making it easier to manage and scale network services.
*Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Centralizing network control through software, allowing for flexible and easier management of the network.

Question 23

Common Internet Protocols:

Answer 23

1.TCP/IP: The backbone of the Internet (Ensures reliable delivery of data. It checks that all parts of the message arrive in order and without errors).
2.HTTP/HTTPS: Web communication
(HTTP: application layer protocols used for communication on the World Wide Web (www). HTTPS is its secure counterpart).
3.FTP: File transfer protocol (Used to upload or download files between computers over the internet).
4.DNS: Domain Name System (Translates website names (like google.com) into IP addresses that computers can understand).