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Science Vocab > Exam: Sem1 Fall — 7th > Flashcards

Exam: Sem1 Fall — 7th Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Weather

A

—> Short-term changes in the atmosphere (temperature, precipitation, humidity, air pressure, etc.)
—> Ex. It is hot and rainy today in Thailand

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2
Q

Climate

A

—> Long-term patterns of weather in a certain area

—> Ex. Thailand has a tropical monsoon climate

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3
Q

Fujita Scale

A

Instrument used for measuring damage of a tornado (Levels 1-5 —> 1=not bad/5=awful)

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4
Q

Saffir/Simpson Scale

A

Instrument used for measuring damage of an hurricane (Levels 1-5 —> 1=not bad/5=awful)

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5
Q

Earthquake

A

Large and sudden release of energy which causes vibrations/shaking of the earth (tectonic plates pushing against each other)

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6
Q

S-wave

A

(Secondary Wave) Body wave which moves slower and side-to-side

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7
Q

P-Wave

A

(Primary Wave) Body wave that moves faster, push-pull

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8
Q

Mercalli Scale

A

Scale that measures earthquake intensity

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9
Q

Richter Scale

A

Scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake (No highest value)

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10
Q

Liquefaction

A

When seismic waves go through loose, wet soil, making it behave like a liquid

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11
Q

Triangulation

A

A method used to figure out the epicenter of an earthquake by using data from 3 seismograph stations

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12
Q

Amplitude

A

Amplitude is the height of the peaks/crests in the wave (The amplitude of a wave on a seismograph helps us to determine the earthquake’s magnitude)—> See notability for picture
How intense the jolt which makes the pen go higher/wider (back and forth) on the paper is

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13
Q

Frequency

A

Number of peaks in a wave that pass through a location in a certain period time

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14
Q

Magnitude

A

Total amount of energy released at source of an earthquake

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15
Q

Intensity

A

Measures damage done by earthquake and reaction to earthquake

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16
Q

Focus

A

The exact start point of the earthquake

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17
Q

Crater

A

Bowl-shaped opening at the top of the volcano, with steep sided walls made of hardened lava surrounding the main vent

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18
Q

Side Vent

A

Side channel that adds an extra layer of LAVA and ash to the eruption (makes it higher and wider); Lava can erupt from it

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19
Q

Magma Chamber

A

Stores and compacts magma (molten rock that is located under earth’s surface), until it is released during an eruption

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20
Q

Conduit

A

Main tube/pathway for magma to reach the surface

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21
Q

Dike

A

Side channel for MAGMA to reach the surface; like a side vent, but beneath the surface

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22
Q

Shield Cone Volcano

A

—> Made from hot, runny lava that erupts through side vents and fissures, as well as the top of the volcano.
—> Low, broad, gently sloping

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23
Q

Cinder Cone Volcano

A

—> Form from cinders and ash settling around the main vent and making a steep sided cone.
—> Very little lava, short, explosive

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24
Q

Composite Cone/Stratovolcano

A

—> Made from combination of eruption types, both steam and ash eruptions and lava ejections.
—> Most common type, Come from SUBDUCTION ZONE volcanoes

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25
Pyroclasts
—> Particles ejected during volcanic eruptions | —> Can be as small as dust to as large as blocks (up to several feet in diameter
26
Pahoehoe
—> Low viscosity, hot, runny, low silica —> Made from small amount of lava moving slowly —> Cools to ropy texture
27
Aa
—> High Viscosity, pasty, high silica content —> Made from lots of lava moving quickly —> Cools a little before it flows, cools rapidly as it moves
28
Hurricane
Massive rotating storms (Forms on water because it gets its energy from warm water)
29
Vortex
—> The circulation of gases —> When warm moist air meets cool dry air head on —> Caused by uneven heating of earth’s surfaces, earth’s rotation, and force of gravity can set the air into motion —> Can form a HURRICANE. The eye of a hurricane is the center of a large vortex
30
Conduction
When heat transfers by direct touch (con-“touch”-tion)
31
Radiation
Energy transmitted by waves (Ex. Sun)
32
Convection
Flow of air or water due to a temperature gradient (increase/decrease)
33
Troposphere
—> Layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the earth —> As you go up, air gets less dense/temperature gets cooler —> Warm air rises in Troposphere until it reaches a point of equal density
34
Air Masses
—> A pocket of air that has its own temperature and humidity | —> Gets temperature and humidity from the surface below (hot or cold/dry or humid)
35
Local Winds
Small scale winds on the coast that last hours/days (Ex. Land/Sea Breezes)
36
Global Winds
—> Form between equator and poles, and move in particular directions for long distances —> Result of giant convention currents that circulate within North/South Hemispheres —> Large-Scale winds that last years/centuries
37
Cirrus
``` FEATHERY —> Cirrus = Curl of hair —> Wispy, Horsetail, Curl of hair —> At Warm Fronts, High Altitude, Very Cold —> With Ice Particles ```
38
Cumulus
PUFF —> Cumulus = Heaping (See Notes) —> Warm moist air rises until it can condense and that air joins the existing cloud (Low Altitude) —> Cotton Ball, Popcorn, Cauliflower
39
Stratus
FLAT —> Stratus = Layers —> Dense, Low Altitudes and Cold Fronts —> Blankets, Covering, Sheets
40
Unstable Air Mass
Moves up and down (Ex. Hot Air Mass)
41
Stable Air Mass
Doesn’t move up and down (Ex. Cold Air Mass)
42
Cold Front
—> Leading edge of moving air mass of cold air —> Cold Air mass replacing warm air mass —> Triangles/Blue (See Notes) —> Thunderstorms
43
Warm Front
—> A moving warm mass of air overrides a cold air mass ahead of it (MOVES PRETTY SLOW) —> Warm Air mass replaces cold (scattered clouds) —> Circles/Red (See Notes) —> Form Clouds
44
Occluded Front
—> Cold Front overtakes a warm Front —> Triangles and Circles/Purple (See Notes) —> Thunder and Clouds
45
Epicenter
The point on the surface directly above (perpendicular) the focus
46
Seismogram
—> Instrument that measures and records details of an earthquake —> Records waves and vibrations of earth
47
Ring of Fire
Around Pacific Ocean
48
Mediterranean-Himalayan Belt
—> West of Indonesia | —> Through the Himalayans and the Mediterranean
49
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Middle of Atlantic Ocean Floor
50
Fault
—> Plates break and faults form | —> Fractures in the lithosphere where considerable movement happens
51
Ductile
—> Type of rock —> Will change shape like playdough —> Doesn’t break easily
52
Brittle
—> Type of rock —> Breaks easily like pasta —> Causes Earthquakes
53
Transform Boundary
—> Plates Slide —> No new land forms —> Energy builds on Plates when rocks are stressed(put under pressure) —> Plates are always under pressure because asthenosphere moves them
54
Convergent Boundary
—> Colliding Plates —> Continental-Continental (Mountains Form) —> Oceanic-Oceanic (Trenches) (Older, colder plates slide under newer ones) [SUBDUCTION] —> Continental-Oceanic (Trenches) (Oceanic plate melts in mantle and goes up=Volcanoes) [SUBDUCTION]
55
Divergent Boundary
—> Separating Plates —> Asthenosphere always moves causing breaks in lithosphere (Plates) liquid (magma) rises up and forms new sea floor —> Mid-Atlantic Ridge
56
Subduction
The sideways and downward movement of the edge of a ploy of the earth’s crust into the mantle beneath another plate. SUB = Under/Sinking DUCT = Going
57
Reverse/Thrust Fault
A block slides upwards at the fault (Happens with compression)
58
Normal Fault
A block slides downwards at the fault (happens with extensions)
59
Strike/Slip Fault
When blocks slide past each other
60
Inner Core
A
61
Outer Core
A
62
Mantle
A
63
Crust
A
64
Asthenosphere
Liquid part of the mantle (always moving)
65
Lithosphere
A
66
Icelandic Eruption
A
67
Hawaiian Eruption
A
68
Strombolian Eruption
A
69
Vulcanian Eruption
A
70
Pelean Eruption
A
71
Plinian Eruption
A
72
Volcanic Ash
A
73
Blocks
Big Pyroclasts
74
Bombs
Big Pyroclasts
75
Volcano
—> An opening in earth’s crust where molten rock (magma) and gases escape —> Mountain formed from volcanic eruptions
76
Trade Winds
Global winds that go WEST (0degrees-30degrees) | SEE NOTABILITY OR NOTES
77
Westerlies
Global winds that go EAST (30degrees-60degrees) | SEE NOTABILITY OR NOTES
78
Easterlies
Global winds that go WEST (60degrees+) | SEE NOTABILITY OR NOTES
79
Front
Leading Edge of an air mass

Science Vocab (4 decks)

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