Exam Three Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
How much of the population lives in areas where malaria is found?
A
half
2
Q
How has malaria evolved
A
co-evolved with humans
3
Q
infective stage of malaria
A
sporozoite
4
Q
where do sporozoites multiple first
A
in the liver
5
Q
where do multiplied sporozoites go after they reproduce in the liver
A
to infect red blood cells to multiply again
6
Q
how do sporooites infect other red blood cells
A
red cells burst and infect more
7
Q
what are the symptoms of the bursting red blood cells
A
fever, chills, and lethargy
8
Q
what do cells create for creation of new sporozoites
A
gametocytes to be fused
9
Q
Where do most malarian cases occur
A
Subsaharian africa
10
Q
Other places malaria outbreaks
A
India
SE asia
SA
11
Q
How many people are infected
A
400 million
12
Q
How many people are infected each year
A
2 million
13
Q
How many people are killed by malaria
A
1 to three million
14
Q
Most that die from Malaria
A
Under 5
die from fever
15
Q
What was the first drug created to combat malaria
A
Quinnine
16
Q
what is quinnine made of
A
bark of chinchona tree
17
Q
What drugs are used currently for Malaria
A
Stronger synthetic drugs derived from quinnine
18
Q
why are slightly deformed red blood cells evolutionary worth it
A
battle malaria
19
Q
Ring around the rosie refers to
A
the ring of red blemishes that are the first sign of the plague
20
Q
the pocket of posies refers to
A
the flowers used to cover the stench
21
Q
Agent that causes the black plague
A
Yersinia Pestis
22
Q
where are the reservoirs for plagues
A
primarily rodents
23
Q
what can also act as a reservoir for the plague
A
humans that have survived the diease
24
Q
Why do rodents usually fail as reservoirs
A
the plague kills most that become infected
25
How is plague transmtitted
fleas
| specifically rat fleas
26
How can people transmit the plague
when the infection has transferred the the lungs
27
pneumonic plague
when the plague reaches the lungs and can be transmitted by sneezing
28
How do fleas transporting the plague die too
The bacterium grows in the digestive tract
| starving it to death
29
how is the plague spread more rapidly through fleas
as they starve to death
| they bite more vigorously and infect more and more
30
How did the plague become a port disease
rats and fleas hitch rides on ships
31
symptoms of the plague
Lymph nodes swell
| bleeding under the skin
32
Lymph node lesions
Buboes
33
where do buboes form
axillary regions
34
Septicemic plague
plague spread through the body
35
Where did the plague come from originally
Asia
36
where was the plagues first epidemic
Asia against the Philistines
37
where was the plagues first pandemic
Justinian
38
what did religious people believe about the plague
that it was the wrath of God
39
Where did the Protestant movement come from
the skepticism of the catholic church during the plague
40
How did the plague contribute to the printing press
The clothes of the plague deceased was used to make paper
41
Passion plays
honors to the salvation from the plague
42
Triumph of Death
painting associated with the death the plague brought
43
Third Pandemic of the plague
The current plague existing in Asia africa and parts of south america
44
Where is the plague existing in the US
the west
45
where does the plague reside in the US
squirrels and prairie dogs
46
how many people are infected with the plague in the US
15 and 30
47
Why is typhus associated with war time
people have to be under duress for it to flourish
| lice thrive
48
agent for typhus
rickettsia
49
reservoir for typhus
body louse
| humans
50
vector for tyhpus
body lousse
51
how do humans contract typhus
scratching lice feces into skin
52
Where is Typhus common
Colder climates
53
symptoms of typhus
high fever
headache
rash
54
how many typhus untreated kills
10 and 60
55
Why was the second crusade a failure
typhus killed most of the men
56
Why did Maximillian II defeated
Typhus
57
Why did Napoleon fail to conquor Moscow
half died from typhus
58
How did the US suffer from typhus
Spanish American War
59
Why did some die from Typhus in Russia
Populous lived under dire circumstances
60
When were Typhus and Malaria rapant
WW II
61
What combatted Typhus
the creation of DDT
62
How does climate change contribute to insect vectored diseases
thrive in warmer climates
63
role of insects as weapons of war
Honey from poison nectar
catapulting wasp nests
Dropped fleas
64
how do insects invade after harvest
invasion of storage containers
65
how much food do insects destroy each year
10% of the worlds supply
66
how can grain be damaged by pests
direct consumption
contamination from frass, cast cuticles, webbing
damage containers
hole allow for mold growth
67
grains biggest pests
tiny weevils
68
most common weevil
rice weevil
69
important beetle pests
grain beetle
saw toothed grain beetle
drug store
70
most common stored product pest
red flour beetle
71
difference in red flour and confused flour
red flour beetle adults fly
72
most common insect eaten by people
mealworm
73
second most serious group of stored product pests
moths
74
what part of the moth is the "pest"
the larvae
75
most common moth
indian meal moth
76
what else do caterpillars do to destroy the home
leave sticky webs
77
common moth pests
mediterranean flour moth
| Angoumois
78
which is the most serious moth pest
angoumois
79
how do pests contaminate fresh products
eggs may be laid and after harvest, they grow into larger pests during storage
80
main places of pest infestation
```
dry foods
grains
fabrics
fresh products
paper
```
81
what ingredient in fabrics has been compromised
keratin
82
what environments do moths and beetles prefer
dark closes
attics basements
items that havent been cleaned
83
insects that eat paper
silverfish
cockroaches
termites
84
best paper eater
silverfish
85
where do cockroaches prefer paper
with a little soil
86
largest wood pest
termite
87
how much money in damages each year is caused by the termite
2 billion dollars
88
termite of concern in the east
Eastern subterranean termite
89
where do Eastern subterranean termites reside
in the soil feeding on fallen trees and wood material
90
how do termites move into homes
up soil tubes in the foundation of the house
91
second largest wood predator
powderdust beetles
92
what do powderdust beeatles prefer
hardwoods and larger old house bores
93
what do adult powderdust beetles do
drill through timber and leave exit holes
94
Third type of wood pest
carpenter ants and bees
95
unique about carpenter ants and bees
they dont eat wood
| they hollow out for space for their young
96
where do carpenter ants prefer to live
damp areas but also any wooden structure
97
where do carpenter bees tend to nest
unfinished wood
98
difference in carpenter bees than regular bees
have a shiny abdomen
99
hole size of carpenter bees
3/8
100
top of the pest survey list
ants termites and cockroaches
101
which pet has adapted the most
cockroaches
102
why are cokroaches universally despised
smelly
contaminate food
cause allergens
destroy electrical equipment
103
most common roach
german cockroach
104
characteristics of the german cockroach
smal pale brown
2 bars
prefers kitche and bathroom
105
second most common roach
smoky brown
106
smoky brown characteristics
large shiny black-brown
| throughout house like treeholes
107
roach number 4
home grown american cockroach
108
characteristics of a home grown cockroach
large red brown
kitchens and hotels
yellow band
109
when were africanized bees released and where from
from africa to brazil in 1957
110
where did the africanized bees spread to
to texas
111
what percent of the Us is inolved in agriculture production
less than 2 percent
112
how many insecpt species in the US
100,000
113
how many insect species in the US are consdered pests
around 200
114
how many pest species exist worldwide
3,500
115
NC's stance in diverse agriculture
3rd leading in US
116
how much is NC's ag worth to the economy
50 billion dollars
117
how much of NC's income comes from AG
1/4
118
how many different crops in NC
70
119
number one state in
tobacco and sweet potatoes
120
second in the country in
```
turkeys
hogs
cucumbers
beans
christmas trees
```
121
two kinds of ag pests
feed on crops
| feed on livestock
122
plant feeding orders
```
beetles
caterpillars
true bugs
grasshoppers
thrips
```
123
way to eat plants
```
chewing mouthparts
into the fruit
munching on the leafs photosynthetic factors
mining inside of leaf
sucking fluids
```
124
problem with plant sucking pests
transmit diseases
125
worm in apple
coddling moth
126
crop scouts
provide farmers with info to monitor their pest
127
ways pests affect livestock
annoyance causes energy waste, feeding less,
128
common livestock pests
horseflies
| deerflies
129
impact of greenheads
anemia
| reducing the timethe animals have to feed
130
foothill abortion
pregnant cows lose fetus after tick bite
131
cause miaysis
screwwworm
132
where do screwworms lay eggs
open wounds
| they hatch and feed on the tissue
133
another myiasis causing insect
cattle grub
134
how do cattle grub deter livestock
holes in the hide
| laying eggs is disturbing
135
greatest threat to US dogs
dog heartworm
136
must keep bug population
below the economic injury level
137
two major groups of pest control
nonchemical
| and chemical
138
physycial control
modify the insects environment so that itis less sufficient for the pests
139
freezing a pest
0 F for 4 hours
240 f for 4 days
400 f
140
heating a prest
1500 F for 1 hour
| 1250 F for 3 hours
141
important group of non chemical tactics
mechanical controls
142
examples of mechanical control
flyswatters
ag vaccuums
flytraps
screens
143
most important no chemical method
biological control
144
categories of biological control
pathogens
predators
parasitoids
145
widely used pathogen
bacillus thuringiensis
146
ag predators
ladybird beetles
147
3 approaches to bio pest management
conservation of natural enemies
augmentation of natural enemies
classical
148
case of classical bio control
bringing the vealia beetles to california to whipe out the scale
149
classical bio control in NC
hemlock trees are threatened by Scale
150
chemical control strategies
insecticides
151
insecticides
specific pesticide
152
prior insecticides
sulfur
ashes
tar
153
modern insecticide
DDT
154
how many lbs of pesticides used yearly
1.25
155
methods of insecticide
target sites
| modes of action
156
ways to alter an insect with insecticides
```
the exoskeleton
causing water invasion
chitlin
respiration
stomach poison
hormones
```
157
modern insecticides
nervous system attacked
158
why are nervous attacked insecticide methods more beneficial
penetrate cuticle with posion
| disrupt nerve transmission
159
most recent discovery in pest control
combination of chemical and host plant resistance
160
bugs on stage
wasps by aristophanes
| the fly by jean paul sartre
161
who wrote the spiders banquet
albert roussel
162
insects in opera
mephistopheles
163
how many insect stamps
7,000
164
examples of insect stamps
honey bee hive
malaria mosquito
butterflies
165
how many stamps are butterflies
2/3
166
first coins had
beetles
spiders
bees
scorpions
167
bug artist
rodney matthew
EA seguy
MC Escher
168
childrens stories wtih insects
Metamorphosis - F. Kafka
Charlotte’s Webb - E. White
Empire of the Ants - H. G. Wells
Aesop’s Fables
169
Lepidoptera in literature
beauty
| mystery romance
170
orthoptera in literature
good or bad
171
most often order used in literature
hymenoptera
172
insect focused in silent films
flies
