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Human Body in Health and Disease > Exam Two (Midterm) > Flashcards

Exam Two (Midterm) Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What are muscles and glands?

A

Effectors

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2
Q

What is not an ISOTONIC contraction?

A

Pushing against a stationary wall

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3
Q

What is muscle tissue that has involuntary regulation of contraction?

A

Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

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4
Q

What special sense is not fully functional at birth?

A

Vision

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5
Q

Damage to what causes loss of muscle coordination?

A

Cerebellum

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6
Q

What gland produces tears in the eyes?

A

Lacrimal glands

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7
Q

The function of the olfactory nerve concerns what?

A

Smell

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8
Q

What is the middle coat of the eyeball that contains pigment which prevents light from scattering in the eyeball?

A

Choroid

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9
Q

What do skeletal muscles need for contraction to occur?

A

Nerve stimulation

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10
Q

Aerobic glycolysis needs what to function?

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

What is the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?

A

Dura meter
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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12
Q

Fingers and toes are referred to as what?

A

Phalanges

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13
Q

What is the fibrous outermost tunic seen anteriorily as the “white of the eye”?

A

Sclera

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14
Q

What is not a primary taste sensation?

A

Pungent

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15
Q

What is a fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones?

A

Compression Fracture

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16
Q

What is the part of the brain that deals with the ability to speak?

A

Broca’s area

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17
Q

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around what?

A

Axon

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18
Q

What muscle tissue has voluntary regulation of contraction?

A

Skeletal muscle only

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19
Q

What is the pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes?

A

Iris

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20
Q

Which nerve plexus serves the shoulder and arm?

A

Brachial

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21
Q

What are afferent nerves called?

A

Sensory nerves

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22
Q

What are motor nerves called?

A

Efferent nerves

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23
Q

An ear infection following an illness suck as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to what?

A

Middle ear

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24
Q

How many vertebrae are in the neck region?

A

Seven cervical

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25
What is it called when the neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli?
Dendrites
26
What are the most important mineral stored in bones?
Calcium and phosporous
27
What is the lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements?
Frontal lobe
28
When do the pupils dilate?
Low light
29
What is the gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward?
Vitreous humor
30
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
Hyaline cartilage
31
Which of the nervous plexuses originates from ventral rami L1-L4?
Lumbar
32
"Pinkeye" is caused by bacterial or viral irritation of what?
The conjunctiva
33
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with what?
Hypothalamus
34
The function of yellow marrow in adults is what?
To store adipose tissue
35
What effector is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Skeletal muscle
36
The term central nervous system refers to what?
Brain and spinal cord
37
What type of membrane connects muscle to bone?
Tendon
38
The inability see distant object is termed "nearsighted", also called what?
Myopia
39
A nerve cell and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as what?
A motor unit
40
What is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreases heart rate
41
The axon terminals of a nerve cell and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell join where?
At the neuromuscular junction
42
What factors determine where bone matrix is to be remolded?
Stresses of gravity and muscle pull on the skeleton
43
Bone formation can be referred to as what?
Ossification
44
What bone fracture is broken into many segments?
Comminuted fracture
45
What is the transparent central anterior portion of sclera through which light enters the eye?
Cornea
46
Neurons in adults do not undergo what?
Mitosis
47
What is the gap between two communicating neurons?
Synaptic cleft
48
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus?
Irratibility
49
What does the axial skeleton contain?
Skull, ribs and sternum, and vertabrae
50
What is a fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults?
Greenstick fracture
51
What is a compound fracture?
When the broken bone is exposed to the outside
52
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate and breathing?
Medulla oblongata
53
What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
Lens
54
What prepares the body for the "fight-or-flight" response?
Sympathetic nervous system
55
What is not a function of the muscular system?
Hematopoiesis
56
Where are dynamic equilibrium receptors found?
Semicircular canals
57
White matters refers to the myelinated fibers in what?
CNS
58
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
The spinal and cranial nerves
59
Where are the equilibrium receptors located?
Inner ear
60
What is a bone-forming cell?
Osteoblasts
61
What is the order of the parts through which light passes at it enters the eye?
Cornea Aqueous humor Lens Vitreous humor
62
Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as what?
Tympanic membrane
63
Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of what?
Spiral organ of Corti or cochlear ear
64
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
Retina
65
What is the correct sequence of the stages of bone fracture healing?
Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodeling
66
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of what?
Autonomic nervous system
67
The congenital condition of crossed eyes is also known as what?
Strabismus
68
What is the substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse?
A neurotransmitter
69
What is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?
``` Receptor Afferent neuron Integration center Effector neuron Effector ```
70
The kneecap is known as what?
Patella
71
The decreased lens elasticity associated with aging that makes it difficult to focus on near objects is known as what?
Presbyopia

Human Body in Health and Disease (2 decks)

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