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Histology > Exam3Lec5MaleReproductive > Flashcards

Exam3Lec5MaleReproductive Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What makes up the male reproductive system?

A

Testes
Duct system
Accessory glands

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2
Q

What is the fxn of the testes?

A

spermatozoa production (exocrine fxn)
testosterone production (endocrine fxn)

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3
Q

What is the duct system do?

A

transportation of mature sperm from the testes to the urethra

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4
Q

What is the fxn the accessory glands?

A

semen production by produce additional additives to the semen

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5
Q

What are the accessory glands and what do they secrete??

A

Seminal vesicles secrete fructose
Prostate gland secretes citric acid + fibrinolysin + PSA

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6
Q

What is the travel of sperm through the reproductive system?

A

Testis ->rete testis ->efferent duct -> epididymis -> vas deferens-> ejaculatory duct -> urethra

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7
Q

Testes is located in

A

scrotum

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8
Q

What the layers of the scrotum from outer to inner?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Dartos Muscle = from outer mem. layer of superficial (colles’) fascia
  3. Colles’ Fascia = thin layer of CT
  4. Parietal Tunica Vaginalis = CT layer from peritoneum (abdominal wall CT)
    Visceral Tunica Vaginalis = CT layer covered by mesothelium
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9
Q

What is the fx of the testis?

A

sperm + testosterone production

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10
Q

What is the organization of the testis?

A

Tunica Albuginea=outer CT capsule
Mediastinum = site of vessels/nerves/ducts
Septum = CT that divides testis into lobules
Seminiferous Tubules = located in the testis lobules

seminf is where sperm is produced

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11
Q

What are the compartments of the testis?

A

Seminiferous Tubules = CT + Sertoli cells located inside testis lobules
Interstitial Space = “empty” space not taken up by the tubules in the lobules

Sertoli Cells = supporting cells that nourish developing sperm
Leydig Cells = secrete testosterone

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12
Q

In fetal testis, the interstitial compartment is the ____ but the leydig cells are ____ and ____

A

largest,indistinct, nonfunctional

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13
Q

What do the tubules of the fetal testis contain?

A

gonocytes (pale staining precursors to germ cells)

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14
Q

Leydig cells
lxn?
endocrine fxn?

A

Location = interstitial space [in the lobules of the testis]

Endocrine Fxn = testosterone (steroid hormone) secretion into the blood

Has round nucleus often seen with a ring of heterochromatin

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15
Q

Cells that produce steroids are characterized by an abundance of certain organelles. These include which organelles (3)?

A

Golgi → lipid transport
sER → steroid hormone synthesis
Mitochondria -> with tubular cristae ( not laminated cristae)

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16
Q

What stimulates Leydig cells, what inhibits leydig cells?

A

Stimulated by LH released from ant. pituitary gland
Inhibited by excess testosterone = negative feedback

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17
Q

Leydig cells ____ testosterone

A

Leydig cells increase testosterone

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18
Q

What is the function of the antimullerian hormone?

A

prevents development of the mullerian duct

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19
Q

Sertoli Cells
Lxn?
fxn?

A

Location = seminiferous tubules [in the lobules of the testis]
Fxn = support / regulate spermatogenesis “nurse cell”

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20
Q

Sertoli cells supports the germ cell both ____ and ____

A

physically, nutrionally

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21
Q

What does the Sertoli cells secrete?

A
  1. Secrete lactate to nourish developing sperm cells
  2. Secrete ABP to bind + increase testosterone (from Leydig cells)
    Holds testosterone in the seminiferous tubules -> incr. testosterone levels ->incr. spermatogenesis
  3. Secrete inhibin to decrease testosterone
    Negative feedback onto ant. pituitary to decrease FSH decr. testosterone -> decr spermatogenesis
  4. Secrete anti-Mullerian hormone to prevent female reproductive development

ant. pituitary gland released from spermatogenesis

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22
Q

What is the function of the androgen-binding protein (ABP)?

A

Binds testosterone to keep it in the tubules = ↑ testosterone

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23
Q

What is are the functions (2) of inhibin (from Sertoli cells)?

A

inhibits activation of LH release = prevents testosterone production
inhibits FSH + LH in the anterior pituitary
Negative feedback loop

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24
Q

Sertoli can ____ or ____ testosterone –> spermatogensesis

A

incr or decr

holds “on” to testosterone, but is the only one that does spermatogenesis

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25
What 4 cells increase testosterone?
LH FSH Leydig cells ABP (sertoli)
26
What is the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules? | ly
Epithelium = sertoli cells + developing sperm cells The type of epithelium is unclear…so do NOT need to know | ly
27
What are the 2 compartments that the sertoli cells divides the epithelium into?
Adluminal Compartment Basal compartment
28
**Adluminal compartment** lxn? contains? form?
Lxn: Nearest to the lumen (center) of the tubule Contains various stages of developing sperm cells Contains Sertoli Cells Form: Sertoli-Spermatid jxns to protect sperm cells from destructio
29
What are the functions of the Sertoli-Sertoli junction (2)?
**Excludes most substances from reaching the adluminal compartment forming a blood-testis barrier ** Important in protecting the developing germ cells
30
**Basal Compartment:** lxn? contains? form?
Lxn: Nearest to the basement membrane of the tubule Contains mostly 1st stage developing sperm cells Contains Sertoli Cells Form: Sertoli-Sertoli jxns which divide epithelium into compartments
31
What is the BM of the seminiferous tubules?
Basement Membrane = fibroblasts + CT
32
**Blood Testis Barrier** formed by? prevents? protects?
Formed by Sertoli-Sertoli jxns = tight jxns Prevents substances from reaching the adluminal compartment Protects developing sperm cells from autoimmune destruction by immune cells
33
Sertoli cells nourishes ____
developing sperm cells ## Footnote Rests on the basement membrane and reaches to the luminal surface
34
What is gametogensis/spermatogenesis? where does it take place?
The process of differentiation from spermatogonia (immature) ->to spermatozoa (mature) by meiosis NOTE: gametogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules
35
What is the process of Gametogenesis?
1. Spermatocytogenesis = spermatogonia -> mitosis type A + B spermatogonia -> mitosis ->primary spermatocyte 2. Spermiogenesis = primary spermatocyte -> meiosis I -> secondary spermatocyte ->meiosis II -> early spermatid -> late spermatid -> spermatozoa
36
Development of sperm cells progresses from what compartment to what compartment. Where do we see mature sperm?
Development of sperm cells progresses from the basal compartment to the adluminal compartment mature sperm in lumen
37
Stages of Gametogenesis (6)
Stage 1 = spermatogonia (2n) Stage 2 = type A + B spermatogonia (2n) Stage 3 = primary spermatocyte (2n) Stage 4 = secondary spermatocyte (n) Stage 5 = early spermatid -> late spermatid (n) Golgi phase = develops flagella + acrosomal cap Acrosomal phase = finished acrosomal cap Elongation phase = final maturation Stage 6 = spermatozoa (n)
38
After the formation of spermatids, does any further division occur?
NO ## Footnote the early spermatids differentiate into elongated spermatids and then mature sperm
39
is the developement of germ ccells synchronized throughout the tubule?
NO, this allows for constant production of sperm
40
What is Cryptorchidism?
the testis fails to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum This results in the testis remaining at normal body temp, which is too high for testis survival ## Footnote The scrotum keeps the testes slightly below body temp B/c it is located “outside” of the body
41
What causes the degradation of the seminiferous tubule epithelium? What is the result?
Cause = increased temperature [of the testis] Result = lack of gametogenesis, thus lack of sperm
42
What are the ducts for sperm transport?
1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Tubuli Recti 3. Rete Testis 4. Efferent Duct 5. Epididymis 6. Vas Deferens 7. Ejaculatory duct ## Footnote STEEVEs 1-3 in testi
43
**Tubili Recti** Epithelium? Receives?
Epithelium = transitions from columnar (sertoli cells) -> simple cuboidal Receives mature sperm from lumen of seminiferous tubules
44
**Rete Testis** Epithelium
Epithelium = simple cuboidal
45
**Efferent duct** Epithelium?
transitions from simple cuboidal to ciliated columnar
46
**Epididymis** Epithelium Contains how many layers of sm muscle? fxn?
Epithelium = pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia Contains 1 layer of smooth muscle Fxn = absorbs fluid to concentrate the sperm + inhibits capacitation
47
**Vas Deferens** Epithelium? Contain how many layers of sm muscle?
Epithelium = pseudostratified columnar w/ stereocilia Contains 3 layers of smooth muscle
48
**Ejaculatory duct** epithelium? fxn?
Epithelium = simple columnar Combine w/ seminal vesicles in the prostate to dump sperm into prostatic urethra
49
What is the Pampiniform Plexus? What does it provide?
Plexus of veins associated w/ the Vas Deferens in the spermatic cord Provide countercurrent exchange of heat (Keeps testes cooler than body temp)
50
How to identify Pampiniform Plexus?
2 muscle layers thick wall due to layer of longitudinal smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia ## Footnote don't confuse with vas deferenc-3 layers of smooth muscle
51
What joins together with the Vas Deferens -> enters the prostate as part of the Ejaculatory Duct
Seminal vesicles
52
**Seminal vesicles** Fxn? Epithelium? How many layers of smooth muscle?
Fxn = secretes fluid rich in fructose Provides sperm with energy Epithelium = pseudostratified columnar Contains 2 layers of smooth muscle = outer longitudinal + inner circular
53
**Prostatic Urethra** Lxn? Epithelium Fxn?
Location = prostate gland Epithelium = transitional Fxn: Receives sperm from ejaculatory duct The prostate gland secretes prostatic fluid into the urethra ->transported to penile urethra
54
Penile Urethra Lxn? Epithelium? Surrounded by? fxn?
* Lxn = penis * Epithelium = stratified + pseudostratified columnar -Terminal part of urethra has some stratified squamous epithelium -Contains glands of littre = mucous secreting * Surrounded by the Corpus Spongiosum = penile erectile tissue * Fxn: Receives semen (sperm + fluid) from prostatic urethra
55
Bulk of penis is made of what?
Erectile tisse
56
What are the 2 types of erectile tissue that make up the bulk of the penis?
Corpus Cavernosa Corpus Spongiosum ->surrounds the urethra
57
Nervous system responses for penis
Sympathetic = ejaculation Parasympathetic = erection ## Footnote “point + shoot”
58
Prostate and Prostate Gland epithelium?
Epithelium = simple + pseudostratified columnar
59
What is the Prostate & Prostate Gland composed of?
* Prostate Gland = accessory gland -Secretes fluid (citric acid + fibrinolysin + PSA) into prostate-> makes semen -An increase in PSA indicates prostate cancer * Prostatic Urethra * Ejaculatory Duct = from vas deferens + seminal vesicles merging * Stroma = CT
60
What two conditions are related to the prostate and prostate gland?
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) and Prostatic Cancer
61
What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)?
Characterized by an increase in size d/t an increase in smooth muscle Stroma containing more muscle restricts the urethra -> decreased urine flow ## Footnote Affects the periurethral glands → results in restriction of the urethra
62
Where does prostatic cancer originate?
originates in the peripheral gland (posterior lobe)
63
What is prostatic cancer detected by? Does it restrict the urethra?
Detected by DRE palpation, NO
64
is the developement of germ ccells synchronized throughout the tubule?
NO, this allows for constant production of sperm

Histology (39 decks)

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