excretion

Question 1

plant waste products

Answer 1

carbon dioxide (from respiration) and oxygen (from photosynthesis) by diffusion from the stomata

Question 2

excretion

Answer 2

the removal of waste products from chemical reactions (metabolic reactions)

Question 3

kidney excretory products

Answer 3

urea and salts

Question 4

skin excretory product

Answer 4

sweat (salts)

Question 5

lungs excretory product

Answer 5

CO2

Question 6

how is urea formed

Answer 6

unneeded amino acids are converted to urea in the body

Question 7

kidney main two roles

Answer 7

excretion and osmoregulation

Question 8

how are salts produced

Answer 8

ingested

Question 9

nephron function

Answer 9

remove uera and excess water and salt from the blood via ultrafiltration

Question 10

ultrafiltration

Answer 10

small molecules are forced out of the blood from the renal artery (in the glomerulus) and into the filtrate (in the Bowman’s capsule) under high pressure. large molecules stay in the blood

Question 11

selective reabsorption

Answer 11

some of the small molecules will return back to the blood from the filtrate

Question 12

what does urine contain

Answer 12

water, urea, iron

Question 13

4 things filtered by the kidney

Answer 13

glucose, water, urea, salts

Question 14

afferent vs efferent arteriole

Answer 14

afferent is wider

Question 15

what goes into the glomerulus

Answer 15

afferent arteriole (allows a high pressure to build up for ultrafiltration)

Question 16

what goes out the glomerulus

Answer 16

efferent arteriole

Question 17

what is the glomerulus surrounded by

Answer 17

Bowman’s cup that leads to a coiled tubule

Question 18

what does the glomerulus filtrate contain

Answer 18

The smaller molecules: water, salts, urea, glucose, as they can easily pass through the capsule

Question 19

reabsorbed molecules

Answer 19

-all of the glucose
-as much water as the body needs
-as much salt as the body needs

Question 20

where is glucose selectively reabsorbed

Answer 20

proximal convoluted tubule and reabsorbed into the capillary network, via active transport using ATP

Question 21

where is water reabsorbed

Answer 21

in the loop of henley and the collecting duct, via osmosis

Question 22

what happens in the collecting duct

Answer 22

the filtrate travels down the collecting ducts, which join together to run into the water

Question 23

proteins in the kidneys

Answer 23

-stays in the blood/doesn’t enter filtrate
-too big
-can’t enter the Bowman’s cup

Question 24

glucose in the kidneys

Answer 24

enters filtrate (small)

Question 25

urea in the kidneys

Answer 25

-small molecule, so enters Bowman’s capsule -not reabsorbed -enters the bladder -concentrated as water has been reabsorbed

Question 26

What is the Bowman’s capsule surrounded by

Answer 26

A basement membrane which stops large molecules from passing through (eg. proteins)

Question 27

Why do we need selective reabsorption

Answer 27

Many of the molecules filtered from thr blood are essential to the body, so the kidney must reabsorb the molecules which are needed, while allowing those molecules which are not needed to pass out in the urine, via active transport

Question 28

What part of the blood is ultrafiltrated in the glomerulus

Answer 28

Plasma

Question 29

Collecting duct

Answer 29

Passes through the medulla into the pelvis and carries urine along the ureter to the bladder

Question 30

If water potential of tissue fluid is too high

Answer 30

Water enters cells by osmosis and they’d burst

Question 31

If water potential of tissue fluid is too low

Answer 31

Blood would become thick and cells would shrivel up

Question 32

ADH

Answer 32

Travels to the kidney in the blood, causes the collecting ducts to become more permeable to water (leaky) so more is reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 33

How is blood concentration regulated

Answer 33

-hypothalamus detects blood concentration -tells pituitary gland to stop/release ADH -AHD doesn’t/does travel in the blood to the collecting duct -ADH makes collecting ducts more/less permeable -more/less water is reabsorbed back into the blood -less/more urine is produced

Question 34

Negative feedback

Answer 34

The process by which a change in the body is detected, which brings about events that return condition to normal

Question 35

Osmosis

Answer 35

Movement of water particles from an area of high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Question 36

Active transport

Answer 36

Movement of particles from an area of low to high concentration, using ATP