Excretion

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

The elimination of waste products of metabolism

Question 2

Function of renal artery

Answer 2

Carries blood high in waste products from aorta to kidney

Question 3

What is urea made from and where?

Answer 3

Amino acids, liver

Question 4

Function of renal vein

Answer 4

Carry purified blood from kidney back to vena cava

Question 5

Function of ureters

Answer 5

Carry urine formed in kidneys to bladder

Question 6

What is urine made up of

Answer 6

Water, urea (nitrogenous waste) salts

Question 7

Function of bladder

Answer 7

Stores urine

Question 8

Function of urethra

Answer 8

Carries urine out of body

Question 9

What are the pyramids in the kidney

Answer 9

Cone shaped areas in the medulla projecting into the pelvis of the kidney

Question 10

Name the three parts of the kidney

Answer 10

Cortex, medulla, pelvis

Question 11

What is the pelvis

Answer 11

Hollow chamber, expanded head of the ureter

Question 12

Where are the kidneys located

Answer 12

Back of the abdominal cavity, left kidney slightly higher than right

Question 13

Give three functions of the kidneys

Answer 13

Blood and tissue pH is regulated
Osmoregulation: control of water and salt concentration in body fluids
Elimination of waste

Question 14

Give a feature of the kidney that indicates that it is an exocrine gland

Answer 14

It has ducts

Question 15

From what blood vessel does the renal artery arise

Answer 15

Aorta

Question 16

Name the three processes that take place in the kidneys and in which part

Answer 16

Filtration: outer cortex
Reabsorption: cortex and medulla
Secretion of substances such as potassium and hydrogen ions: cortex

Question 17

What does ADH stand for

Answer 17

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 18

What does ADH do

Answer 18

Changes the permeability of the collecting duct and the distal tubule

Question 19

When is ADH released

Answer 19

High salt or low water levels

Question 20

Where is ADH secreted from

Answer 20

Pituitary gland

Question 21

What effect does ADH have on urine volume

Answer 21

Decreases it

Question 22

Why should urine not contain protein

Answer 22

Protein molecules are too big to pass into the glomerular filtrate

Question 23

Why should urine not contain glucose

Answer 23

Glucose should be reabsorbed from the filtrate

Question 24

How does filtration take place in the nephron

Answer 24

Small molecules forced out of plasma through glomerulus and into bowmans capsule. Form the glomerular filtrate which contains more water and useful substances compared to urine. Large molecules do not enter the filtrate

Question 25

How does reabsorption take place in the nephron and by what processes

Answer 25

``` Prox. Convoluted tubule Most of water: osmosis. glucose, amino acids and vitamins: diffusion and active transport. Loop of Henle Water and minerals:descending limb Salts:ascending loop: active transport. Distal con. Tubule Water and salts ```

Question 26

What and where is secreted into the blood from the nephron

Answer 26

Prox. Tubule: hydrogen ions due to changes in blood pH | Distal tubule: potassium and hydrogen ions

Question 27

Name three ways that the glomerulus is adapted to filter blood

Answer 27

High pressure Large surface area of capillaries Bowmans capsule only 1 cell thick

Question 28

Three Adaptations of proximal tubule to aid reabsorption

Answer 28

Thin walled Long Lots of mitochondria for active transport

Question 29

Give three causes of kidney failure

Answer 29

Infections Tumours Kidney stones

Question 30

Two treatments for kidney failure

Answer 30

Dialysis | Transplant

Question 31

What are two excretory products of plants

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 32

Where do plants store some wastes

Answer 32

Vacuoles | Falls off as dead structures

Question 33

What controls the opening and closing of stomata

Answer 33

Guard cells controlled by carbon dioxide concentration

Question 34

What are lenticels

Answer 34

Small pores in the stem that carry out gaseous exchange