Food

Question 1

3 reasons why food is necessary

Answer 1

Source of energy
Make chemicals for metabolic reactions
Raw materials for growth and repair of structures

Question 2

How many elements found in food

Answer 2

14

Question 3

Name the common elements

Answer 3

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Sulfur

Question 4

Elements present in dissolved salts

Answer 4

Sodium
Magnesium
Chlorine
Potassium
Calcium

Question 5

Trace elements

Answer 5

Iron
Copper
Zinc

Question 6

Four types of bio molecules

Answer 6

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins

Question 7

Elements in carbs and ratio

Answer 7

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Twice as much H as C and O
Cx(H2O)y

Question 8

Are monosaccharides soluble in water

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Are monosaccharides sweet

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Are disaccharides soluble in water

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Are disaccharides sweet

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Name two monosaccharides

Answer 12

Glucose

Fructose

Question 13

Name two disaccharides

Answer 13

Maltose

Sucrose

Question 14

Are polysaccharides sweet

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Are polysaccharides soluble in water

Answer 15

Not usually/ not fully

Question 16

Name three polysaccharides

Answer 16

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

Question 17

Structural role of a carb

Answer 17

Cellulose forms plant cell walls

Question 18

Metabolic role of a carb

Answer 18

Glucose broken down in photosynthesis to release energy

Question 19

Is starch easily digested

Why

Answer 19

Yes

Molecules arranged in a chain

Question 20

Can cellulose be easily digested

Answer 20

No
Cross-bonding between molecules
Used as roughage in our diet

Question 21

Where do animals store glycogen

Answer 21

In their liver and muscles

Question 22

Elements in lipids and ratio

Answer 22

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
No simple ratio. V little oxygen

Question 23

Structure of a triglyceride

Answer 23

One glycerol + three fatty acids

Question 24

Structure of a phospholipid

Answer 24

One glycerol + two fatty acids + one phosphate

Question 25

Function of phospholipids

Answer 25

Important in structure of cell membranes

Question 26

Metabolic role of lipids

Answer 26

Respiration

Question 27

Structural roles (2) of lipids

Answer 27

Cell membranes | Heat insulation

Question 28

Elements in proteins

Answer 28

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen

Question 29

What are proteins made of

Answer 29

Amino acids

Question 30

How many amino acids are in a peptide bond

Answer 30

Less than 20

Question 31

What is the next bond after a peptide bond

Answer 31

Polypeptide bond

Question 32

How many amino acids are in a protein

Answer 32

More than 200

Question 33

How are different proteins made

Answer 33

By combining the 20 types of amino acids in different ways

Question 34

Name a fibrous protein and where it’s found

Answer 34

Keratin | Hair and nails

Question 35

Characteristics of a fibrous protein

Answer 35

Little or no folding Long fibres Strong and tough

Question 36

Characteristics of globular proteins

Answer 36

Lots of folding | Rounded shapes

Question 37

Example of a globular protein

Answer 37

Egg white | Enzymes

Question 38

Amino acids are not stored in the body. What happens to them?

Answer 38

Surplus: taken to liver-> urea -> kidneys -> excreted

Question 39

Structural role of proteins

Answer 39

Keratin, hair | Myosin, muscles

Question 40

Metabolic roles (2) of proteins

Answer 40

Used as enzymes to control reactions | From antibodies

Question 41

Can the body make vitamins?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Name a water soluble vitamin

Answer 42

C

Question 43

Name a fat soluble vitamin

Answer 43

D

Question 44

Metabolic roles (2) of Vitamin C

Answer 44

Helps immune system | Formation of connective tissue

Question 45

Disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 45

Scurvy

Question 46

Metabolic role of vitamin D

Answer 46

Healthy bone and teeth formation

Question 47

Disease caused by Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 47

Rickets

Question 48

Two minerals needed by plants

Answer 48

Magnesium | Calcium

Question 49

Two minerals needed by animals

Answer 49

Iron | Calcium

Question 50

Use for magnesium in plants

Answer 50

Form chlorophyll

Question 51

Use for calcium in plants

Answer 51

Cell walls attach to eachother

Question 52

Use for calcium in animals

Answer 52

Form bones and teeth

Question 53

Use of iron in animals

Answer 53

Form haemoglobin

Question 54

What percentage of human body molecules is water

Answer 54

99%

Question 55

What % of human body mass is water

Answer 55

60%

Question 56

What % of most plants is water

Answer 56

90%

Question 57

Why is water essential to life. Three reasons

Answer 57

All metabolic reactions occur in it Basis for transport systems Environment where organisms can live

Question 58

Name two types of energy transfer reactions

Answer 58

Anabolic and catabolic

Question 59

Metabolism

Answer 59

All reactions taking place in an organism

Question 60

What do anabolic reactions do

Answer 60

Use energy to convert smaller molecules to bigger

Question 61

What do catabolic reactions do

Answer 61

Release energy when a complex molecule is broken down

Question 62

Two examples of catabolic reactions

Answer 62

Respiration | Digestion

Question 63

Two examples of anabolic reactions

Answer 63

Formation of muscle from amino acids | Photosynthesis