Executive Function / Cognitive Profile Studies

Question 1

Bradley and Bryant (1983)

Answer 1

Phonological awareness at age 4 predicted reading ability at age 8 (dyslexia)

Question 2

Manis et al (1993)

Answer 2

Those with dyslexia performed poorer in phonological tasks than controls

Question 3

Snowling et al (1986)

Answer 3

Dyslexic people performed worse on simple phonological processing tasks

Question 4

Wolf and Bowers (1999)

Answer 4

Dyslexics have deficits in the automised naming tasks

Question 5

Franceschini et al (2012)

Answer 5

Children who performed worse on visual search and cuing were the worst readers

Question 6

Bosse et al (2007)

Answer 6

Differences between dyslexics and neurotypicals in visual attention span

Question 7

Saksida et al (2016)

Answer 7

Differences in visual attention span only applicable to some dyslexics

Question 8

Nicolson and Fawcett (1990)

Answer 8

Dual tasks more difficult for dyslexics than neurotypicals

Question 9

Hulme (1981)

Answer 9

Dyslexics have deficits in verbal STM but in tact visual STM

Question 10

Mazzocco et al (2008)

Answer 10

Dyscalculics have impaired arithmetic fact retrieval

Question 11

Koontz and Berch (1996)

Answer 11

Dyscalculia people have impaired basic number processing and impaired magnitude judgements

Question 12

Kucian and Von Aster (2015)

Answer 12

People with dyscalculia add extra 0s onto numbers they hear and overestimate the number of objects they see

Question 13

Peters et al (2020)

Answer 13

Dyscalculics have less visual and spatial skills, there is a strong relationship between language and arithmetic

Question 14

Price et al (2007)

Answer 14

Dyscalculics have larger numerical distance effects

Question 15

Askenazi and Henrik (2021)

Answer 15

Deficits in alerting network caused attention difficulties (dyscalculia)

Question 16

Geary (2004)

Answer 16

Dyscalculics have impaired working memory and visuo-spatial attention

Question 17

Agostini et al (2022)

Answer 17

Dyscalculics suffer with attention and processing difficulties

Question 18

Van Luit and Toll (2018)

Answer 18

Dyscalculics have difficulties in attention during a matching task

Question 19

Cardenas et al (2021)

Answer 19

Identified 2 types of dyscalculia from EEG. Those with working memory and those without

Question 20

Van Luit and Toll (2018)

Answer 20

Difficulties is short-term working memory, specifically storing and remembering verbal and visual information

Question 21

Hoogenhout and Malcolm-Smith (2017)

Answer 21

There is a correlation between lack of Theory of Mind and autism severity

Question 22

Steele et al (2006)

Answer 22

Link between Theory of Mind and social / communication issues

Question 23

Van der Hallen et al (2015)

Answer 23

Investigated visual processing of ASD

Question 24

Demetriou et al (2018)

Answer 24

Executive function tasks aren’t as effective as it’s hard to separate them into individual parts (autism)

Question 25

Cornish et al (2007)

Answer 25

Children with Down syndrome struggled more with attention than typically developing

Question 26

Lanfranchi et al (2010)

Answer 26

People with Down syndrome had less sustained attention

Question 27

Brown et al (2003)

Answer 27

Children with Down syndrome have more attention difficulties than those with Williams Syndrome

Question 28

Qian et al (2013)

Answer 28

Did multiple executive function tasks with children with ADHD, children under 12 struggle with inhibition

Question 29

Kercood et al (2013)

Answer 29

Autistic people have inconsistent working memory impairments

Question 30

Kennedy et al (2019)

Answer 30

Tested 220 adolescents with ADHD. Found they had impairments in working memory

Question 31

Pennington and Ozonoff (1996)

Answer 31

Both ASD and ADHD have difficulties with executive function, but severity and profile is different