Exercise 2 - Oogenesis

Question 1

Oogenesis general:

Oogenesis begins with the female germ cell, the _____

Answer 1

Oogonium

Question 2

Oogenesis general:

Oogonia rapidly divide by mitosis to produce ____. Once a female animal is born, these are arrested at _____ and cannot ovulate until sexually mature

Answer 2

Primary oocyte

Prophase I

Question 3

Oogenesis general:

Primary oocytes are characterized by a large _____ (nucleus) with a ____ (nucleolus) in the _____ (cytoplasm) and bound by the _____ (plasma membrane)

Answer 3

Germinal vesicle (nucleus)

Germinal spot (Nucleolus)

Ooplasm (cytoplasm)

Oolemma (plasma membrane)

Question 4

Oogenesis general:

Primary oocytes divides by ____ to produce a secondary oocyte and a ____ which houses the extra set of maternal chromosomes

The secondary oocyte then goes through ____ to produce a large ____ with a female ____ (female haploid nucleus) and the small ____

Answer 4

Meiosis I
Polar body

Meiosis II
Mature ovum
Pronucleus
Second polar body

Question 5

Oogenesis general:

Some mammals like rodents and dogs exhibit a ____ cycle (heat) while others exhibit a ____ cycle

(1) they release mature female gamete
(2) and prepare the ____ (uterine lining) for possible pregnancy

Answer 5

estrus
menstrual

Endometrium

Question 6

Ovarian anatomy:

Ovary is located within the ____. The left ovary functions in birds andright ovary functions in bats and sharks

Answer 6

Coelom

Question 7

Ovarian anatomy:

Mammalian ovaries have a narrow end called ____. The _____ holds the ovaries in place in the body cavity through a round ligament and broad ligament. Closely associated with the mammalian ovary is the ____ (fallopian tube).

Answer 7

Hilus
Mesovarium

Oviduct

Question 8

Ovarian anatomy:

The ovulated oocyte is picked up by the ____ (open end of the oviduc, and travels through the _____ (distal region) and then the ___ and ___ before entering the ____

Answer 8

fimbria
infundilum
ampulla
isthmus
uterus

Question 9

Ovarian histology:

Two types of classification for vertebrate ovaries:

Answer 9

Compact type
Saccular type

Question 10

Ovarian histology:

Compact type ovary major zones (2)
____ Where oogenesis occus
____ made for fibrous loose connective tissue

Answer 10

Outer cellular cortex
Inner medulla

Question 11

Ovarian histology:

Connective tissue layer ____ surrounds the ovarian cortex
____ covers the entire vertebrate ovary and is continuous with the mesovarium

Answer 11

Tunica albuginea
Germinal epithelium

Question 12

Frog:

The ____ attaches the ovaries to the body wall which covers each ovary as the ____.

The ovarian oocytes are surrounded by inner follicle cells which form the ____.

Answer 12

Mesovarium
Theca externa

Theca interna

Question 13

Frog:

Oocytes are arrested in meiotic prophase for a long period ____ in Rana pipiens as it grows

THe ___ stockipiles materials for embryogenesis.

Answer 13

3 years

Germinal vesicle

Question 14

Frog:

The diplotene germinal vesicle is characterized by ____ active in transcription and multiple nucleoli involved in ribosome synthesis

Answer 14

Lampbrush chromosome

Question 15

Frog:

Yolk is made by the liver and stored in the ____ as yolk platelets in a process called ____.

Answer 15

ooplasm
vitellogenesis

Question 16

Frog:

Some oocytes are pigmented at one end and ____ are visible within the ovarian lumen

Answer 16

pigment masses

Question 17

Frog:

Primary oocytes incease in size about one thousand fold. Resume meiosis and arrest at ___ of second meiosis.

Soon they are ovulated into the ___ where ciliary movements of the coelom wall move secondary oocytes to the ____ of the ____.

While doing so ____ that function to protect the ocoyte and developing embryo from mechanical injury and infelction are added to aid fertilization.

They are then released into the ____ (uterus) for about one day until release through oviposition

Answer 17

Metaphase

Coelom
Ostium
Oviduct

Jelly layer

Ovisac

Question 18

Mammal:

The ____ encolses the ___ of the mammalian ovary, which surrounds the deeper ____.

Answer 18

tunica albuginea
cortex
medulla

Question 19

Mammal:
The oocyte is surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells called the _____

Which become surrounded by an outer layer of theca cells called ____

Answer 19

stratum granulosum

theca folliculi

Question 20

Mammal:
During estrus or menstrual cycle, follicles is stimulated to grow but only one become mature, the rest become ___ and degenerate

As follicle matures, the oocyte is surrounded by ____ which is surrounded by granulosa cells calledd ____ (____) of the ____ which remain attached to the zona pellucida during ovulation

Answer 20

Atretic

zona pellucida
cumulus cell (corona radiata)
cumulus oophorus

Question 21

Mammal:

The freshly ovulated oocyte and surroundign cumulus cells is called the ____

After ovulation, follicular cells (from the ovulated follicle) that remain in the ovary become a _____ which secretes progesterone and estrogen to maintian the ovary in case pregnancy occurs

If it dies it becomes a ____

Answer 21

Cumulus oocyte-complex

corpus luteum

corpus albicans

Question 22

Major structures:

_____ primary oocyte surrounded by one layer of flattened follicular (epithelial) cells called granulosa cells; no antrum

_____ primary oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells no antrum

_____ primary oocyte surrounded by many granuklosa cell layers that are surrounded by layers of theca cells derivedd from the ovarian stroma; antrum is forming

____ Secondary oocyte surrounded by corona radiata and many cumulus cells; follicle wall is multilayered with granulosa and theca cells; large antrum is present

____ Degenerating follicle with an antrum; numerous dying cells with dark, pycnotic nuclei present

Answer 22

primordial (immature) follicle

Primary (growing) follicle

Secondary follicle

Graafian (preovulatory or mature) follicle

Atreitic follicle

Question 23

Major structures:

_____ formed from follicular cells remaining in the ovary after ovulation; becomes a major endocrine organ.
____ remains of the no longer functioning corpus luteum
____ connective tissue cells found between follicles and corpora lutea
____ Thin, dense irregular connective tissue sheath surrounding the ovarian contex
____ simple cuboidal epithelium covering the thunica aluginea. It is the external surface of the ovary

Answer 23

Corpus luteum

Corpus albicans

Stroma cells

Tunica albuginea
Germinal epithelium