Exercise 2 - Spermatogenesis

Question 1

Introduction:

Gonads (2)
Gametes (2)
Gametogenesis (2)

Answer 1

Gonads (2) Ovary Testis
Gametes (2) Ovum Spermatozoon
Gametogenesis (2) Oogenesis Spermatogenesis

Question 2

Introduction:

Two major phases of spermatogenesis:
_____ Produces haploid male gamete
_____ Modifies male gamete for fertilization success

Answer 2

Meiosis
Spermiogenesis

Question 3

Introduction:

Chromosomal abnormalities from incorrect spermatogenesis (3)

Answer 3

Down Syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Spontaneous abortion

Question 4

Introduction:

Sperm are produced in?_____

____ thick covering surrounding testes that extends into; _____ and ____ (which have at least 4 of the first answer)

Answer 4

Seminiferous tubules

Tunica albuginea
Septa
Lobule

Question 5

Introduction:

The septa converge at the _____

Answer 5

Mediasternum

Question 6

Introduction:

Mature sperm are stored in ____, and released into ____ which is sometimes rudimentary or absent

Answer 6

Epididymis
Vas deferens

Question 7

Introduction:

What is the order of sperm release (10)

Answer 7

1 Seminiferous tubules
2 Straight tubules
3 Rete testis
4 Efferent ducts
5 Caput
6 Corpus
7 Cauda
8 Vas deferens
9 Ejaculatory duct
10 Urethra

Question 8

Histology of the testes:

_____ produce mature sperm and released into lumen
_____ drains the part above
____ Network of tubules in mediastinum that drain the part above

Parts of ____
____ (____) Receives immotile sperm from above and stores them
____ (____)slowly drains the part above and stores increasingly motile sperm
____ (____) slowly drains the epididymal body, and is the main storage site of sperm (50% motile) until ejaculatged

Answer 8

Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules
Rete testis

Parts of Epididymis:
Caput (head)
Corpus (body)
Cauda (tail)

Question 9

Histology of the testes:

____ A -30 cm muscular duct (one on each side of the body ) which carries sperm from the epididymis upward through the inguinal canal, into the abdomen, behind (doral to) the urinary bladder, and down to the level of the prostate gland, where it joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

____ Embedded in the prostate, the right and left ejaculatory ducts, drain the respective vas deferens and seminal vesicle, and carry sperm through the prostrate to the urethra

____ A single 15 to 20 cm long duct which is embedded in the prostrate (upper portion) and penis (lower portion). It drains the two ejaculatory ducts and bulbourethral glands which contribute fluid to semen.

Answer 9

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct

Urethra

Question 10

Frog (spermatogenesis):

Mature sperm are released into ____

Answer 10

Lumen

Question 11

Frog (spermatogenesis):

Germ cells ____ are supported by columnar-shaped ____ aka ____ which supply nutrients to developing sperm

Answer 11

Spermatogonia
Sertoli cells
Nurse cells

Question 12

Frog (spermatogenesis):

____(____) are found outside cysts, separating seminiferous tubules from each other

Answer 12

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

Question 13

Frog (spermatogenesis):

A double fold of peritoneum called the ____ covers each testis and attaches it to the kidney, between those folds are ducts called ____ which drains sperm

Answer 13

Mesorchium

Vasa efferentia

Question 14

Mammals (spermatogenesis):

Mammal seminiferous tubules is surrounded by (2):

_____ (thin basement membrane of connective tissue)

_____ (thin layer of connective tissue)

Answer 14

Basal lamina

Tunica propria

Question 15

Mammals (spermatogenesis):

_____ Contractile muscle-like cells lie outside the tunica propria in non-human testes.

Between the seminiferous tubules are _____ and ____(____) which respond to lutenizing hormone by secreting testosterone

Answer 15

Myoid cells

Blood vessels
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

Question 16

Mammals (spermatogenesis):

The wall of each seminiferous tubule is the ____ which contains the ____ which function to nourish developing sperm, provide physical support, and respond to follicle stimulating hormone by secreting an ____ binding protein.

Answer 16

Germinal epithelium
Sertoli cells

Androgen binding protein

Question 17

Mammals (spermatogenesis):

1. Mammalian spermatogenesis begins with ____, which line the inner surface of the ____.
2. ____ divide mitotically several times to produce more of them and ____ which produce two ____ of which divide in meiosis to produce two _____.

Through two meiotic divisions ____ give rise to a total of ____ which then undergo through ____ to become mature sperm.

Answer 17

1. Type A spermatogonia
   Basal lamina
2. Type A spermatogonia
   Type B spermatogonia
   two diploid primary spermatocytes
   two haploid secondary spermatocytes

one spermatogonium
four spermatids
spermiogenesis

Question 18

Mammals (spermatogenesis):

Spermatogenesis occurs ___ as a wave in the ____, with most immature cells located in the periphery of the ____ and mature sperm are in the innermost layer where they are released into the ____.

Answer 18

unidirectionally
germinal epithelium

tubule
lumen

Question 19

Mammals (spermatogenesis):

Spermiogenesis takes ____ to turn spermatids into mature sperm

It takes ___ to produce a mature human spermatozoon from spermatogonium

Answer 19

24 days

64 days

Question 20

Schematic diagram using gametogenesis:

Spermatogenesis
(2n) ____
|
(2n) _____
(_____)
/ \
(n) (n) _____
(_____)
/ | | \
(n) (n) (n) (n)
(____)
/ | | \
(n) (n) (n) (n) _____

Answer 20

Spermatogenesis

(2n) Spermatogonia
|
(2n) Primary spermatocyte
(First meiosis)
/ \
(n) (n) Secondary Spermatocyte
(Second meiosis)
/ | | \
(n) (n) (n) (n)
(Spermatid)
/ | | \
(n) (n) (n) (n) Sperm

Question 21

Schematic diagram using gametogenesis:

Oogenesis
(2n) ____
|
(2n) ____
(_____)
/ \
(n) (n) _____
/\ / \ ______
(_____)
(n) ____o o o _____
|
(n) (___)

\ \ \

Answer 21

Schematic diagram using gametogenesis:

Oogenesis
(2n) oogonia
|
(2n) primary oocyte
(first meiosis)
/ \
(n) (n) Polar body
/\ / \ secondary oocyte
(Second meiosis)
(n) o o o Polar bodies
|
(n) (ovum)