Exercise 6: Integumentary System Anatomy

Question 1

Skin

Answer 1

Also called the integument or cutaneous membrane. Makes up the integumentary system.

Question 2

What are the skin’s accessory organs?

Answer 2

Sweat Glands
Sebaceous Glands 
Hair
Sensory Receptors
Nails

Question 3

Hypodermis

Answer 3

A continuous layer of adipose tissue that separates the skin from deeper tissues. Not technically considered part of the skin.

Question 4

Functions of skin:

Answer 4

Protects against invasion by pathogens, UV damage, loss of body fluids and physical trauma.

Regulating body temperature

Provides sensory information

Excretes waste products

Synthesizes vitamin D

Stores energy in adipose tissue

Question 5

Two layers of skin:

Answer 5

1. ) Epidermis (superficial layer)

2. ) Dermis (deep layer)

Question 6

Epidermis:

Answer 6

Superficial layer composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Avascular

Consists of 4 layers in thin skin and 5 layers in thick skin

Question 7

Dermis:

Answer 7

Deep Layer of the skin

Composed of connective tissue

Highly vascular

Consists of 2 layers

Houses glands, hair and sensory receptors

Question 8

Hypodermis:

Answer 8

Deep to dermis

Composed of adipose tissue

Also called subcutaneous layer

Question 9

Layers of the epidermis from surface of skin to deepest layer.

Answer 9

1. ) Stratum Corneum
2. ) Stratum Lucidum
3. ) Stratum granulosum
4. ) Stratum spinosum
5. ) Stratum basale

Question 10

Stratum Corneum

Answer 10

Most superficial layer of the skin
15-30 rows
Dead flat keratinocytes continually slough off.

Question 11

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 11

Found only in thick skin of palm and sole

3-5 layers of flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes

Question 12

Stratum granulosum

Answer 12

3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are dying and shrinking and becoming filled with keratin

Question 13

Stratum spinosum

Answer 13

8-10 Layers of many sided keratinocytes

Keratinocytes are dying and shrinking

Have “spiny shape”

Question 14

Stratum Basale

Answer 14

Deepest layer

Contacts dermis

Single layer of actively dividing cells

Also called status germinativum

Question 15

Keratinocyte

Answer 15

Found in all epidermal layers

Most abundant skin cell

Produces Keratin

Question 16

Langerhan’s Cell

Answer 16

Found in stratum spinosum

Migrate from bone marrow

Protect against bacteria

Question 17

Merkel Cell

Answer 17

Found in stratum germinative (basale)

Touch receptor

Question 18

Melanocyte

Answer 18

Found in stratum basale

Cell extensions reach into stratum spinosum

Produce melanin

Question 19

What is the thickest layer of the skin

Answer 19

Dermis

Question 20

Two layers of dermis

Answer 20

1. )Superficial Papillary layer

2. ) Reticular Layer

Question 21

What fibers make up the dermis?

Answer 21

Collagen and elastic

Question 22

Dermal papilla

Answer 22

Extensions of papillary layer into epidermis

Question 23

Papillary Layer of the Dermis

Answer 23

Contacts the stratum basale of the epidermis

Composed or areolar connective tissue

Question 24

Reticular Layer

Answer 24

Bulk of Dermis

Composed of dense irregular CT

Contacts hypodermis

Question 25

Two types of skin glands

Answer 25

1. ) Sudoriferous Glands | 2. ) Sebaceous Glands

Question 26

Sudoriferous Glands

Answer 26

Produce sweat

Question 27

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 27

Produce oil called sebum directly onto hair follicle

Question 28

Two types of Sudoriferous glands

Answer 28

1. ) Eccrine | 2. )Apocrine

Question 29

Eccrine Sweat glands

Answer 29

``` Most common. Secretes watery sweat Sweat evaporation cools skin Sweat contains small amount of waste products Also called merocrine ```

Question 30

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Answer 30

Found mainly in axillae and inguinal region Secretes thick substance responsible for body odor Usually secretes directly into a hair follicle

Question 31

Hair Shaft

Answer 31

Portion of hair above skin surface | Contains dead, keratinized cells

Question 32

Hair Root

Answer 32

Portion of hair below skin surface | Consist of dead, keratinized cells

Question 33

Arrector Pili muscle

Answer 33

Bundle of smooth muscle fibers Extends from hair follicle into dermis Contracts to make hair stand up

Question 34

Hair follicle

Answer 34

Invagination of epidermal cells | Forms sheath around hair root

Question 35

Hair Bulb

Answer 35

Group of cells at base of hair root | Matrix is area of hair bulb containing cells dividing to form new hair cells

Question 36

Hair papilla

Answer 36

CT cells Extend into hair bulb Contains blood vessels to bring nutrients to dividing cells

Question 37

Nociceptors

Answer 37

In papillary layer of dermis and basal layer of epidermis Free nerve endings Detect pain as a result of tissue damage

Question 38

Merkel Disks

Answer 38

In papillary of dermis and basal layer of epidermis free nerve endings detect fine touch and pressure

Question 39

Tactile Corpuscles

Answer 39

Papillary layer of dermis Encapsulated Detect light touch and pressure also called Meissner's corpuscles

Question 40

Thermoreceptors

Answer 40

In dermis Free nerve endings Cold receptors detect between 10-40 C Warm receptors between 32-49 C

Question 41

Hair Root Plexus

Answer 41

Wrapped around hair follicle Free nerve endings Detect hair movement

Question 42

Ruffini's Corpuscles

Answer 42

In reticular layer of dermis Encapsulated Detect stretching

Question 43

Lamellated Corpuscles

Answer 43

Deep in dermis or hypodermis Encapsulated Detect deep pressure Also called Pacinian corpuscles

Question 44

First-degree burn

Answer 44

The most superficial. Damages only the epidermis. Redness, swelling and pain. Burned area may become whitened but not blistered

Question 45

Second-degree burn

Answer 45

Also called partial-thickness burn because damage extends partway through the dermis layer. Red, swollen, painful, plus it blisters

Question 46

Third-degree burn

Answer 46

Full-thickness burn because damage extends into subcutaneous layer. Not as painful as second-degree because the pain receptors in the dermis have been destroyed. Skin develops a grey to black leathery covering called eschar