Exercise Phys Intro

Question 1

Aging Population

Answer 1

29% can’t walk 1300’ - ~1200 to complete community errand

Sam’s Club - ~2200’

Question 2

Function Requirements for Community Living

Answer 2

Perform/tolerate postural transitions
Ambulate > 150’ (realistically 1000’-2000’) and at 1.3 m/s
Carry 6.7 lbs
Accommodation

Question 3

Predictors of Successful Aging

Answer 3

ADL’s
Comorbidities (hearing, arthritis, disability)
Smoking
Cognitive function
SBP
Depression 
Motivation

Question 4

Exercise in Aging Population Focuses

Answer 4

Function
Overcoming fear
Frequency over intensity
Frequent monitoring
Simple, low level fitness

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a living organism

Question 6

Bioenergetics

Answer 6

Transfer and utilization of energy in biological systems

Question 7

1st Thermodynamic Law

Answer 7

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed

Question 8

2nd Thermodynamic Law

Answer 8

All processes moved from ordered to disordered state

Question 9

1st Thermodynamic Application

Answer 9

Energy in (food) = energy out (work) + energy out (heat) + energy stored (fat)

Question 10

2nd Thermodynamic Application

Answer 10

Randomness increases but process in inefficient

70% of energy released by body is heat

Question 11

Entropy

Answer 11

Measure of disorder

Solid

Question 12

G

Answer 12

Chemical reactions spontaneous proceed in favorable direction

Question 13

G>0

Answer 13

Thermodynamically unfavorable

Question 14

Free Energy

Answer 14

Unfavorable reactions can be driven by coupling with favorable reactions
Important for driving of ATP Metabolism

Question 15

Delta G

Answer 15

Determines whether chemical reaction is going to happen

Question 16

Energy at Rest

Answer 16

Carbohydrates + Fat

Question 17

Energy for Mild/Severe effort

Answer 17

Carbohydrates

Question 18

Carbohydrates

Answer 18

Readily available and easily metabolized
Converted to glucose -> taken up by muscles/liver -> converted to glycogen
Glycogen stored in liver, converted as need
Glucose transported to muscles to form ATP

Question 19

Carbohydrate Advantage

Answer 19

High energy yield (5.1 kcal/LO2)
Rapid metabolic pathway (accessed quickly)
Stores greatly increased by training and diet
Sole source of energy during heavy exercise

Question 20

Carbohydrate Disadvantage

Answer 20

Stored in small amounts
Production of lactate
Once stores depleted, moderate exercise can’t continue

Question 21

Fat

Answer 21

Provides substantial energy during prolonged, low activity
Larger reserves than carbo
Stored as glycerol and FFA
FFA only used to form ATP
Most FFA, important for metabolism, have 12-18 Carbons

Question 22

Fat Advantages

Answer 22

Greatest energy value (9.3 kcal/g)

Stable energy sources

Question 23

Fat Disadvantages

Answer 23

Only metabolized aerobically
Oxidation yields less energy than CHO (4.62 kcal/LO2)
Majority of fat stored outside muscle tissue
Can’t serve as only energy source

Question 24

Protein

Answer 24

Energy sources id converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis
Can generate FFA in times of starvation
AA only used for energy
20% of human body is protein

Question 25

CHO Time to Exhaustion

Answer 25

At 3.0 L/min (70% VO2 max), support demand for 2-2.5 hours

Question 26

Fat Time to Exhaustion

Answer 26

At 3.0 L/min (70% VO2 max), support demand for 3-5 days

Question 27

Protein Time to Exhaustion

Answer 27

At 3.0 L/min (70% VO2 max), support demand for 2.5 days

Question 28

Which produces more energy?

Answer 28

Aerobic metabolism