Exoduster Movement + Oklahoma Land Rush Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Exoduster movement?

A

1879

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2
Q

How many slaves across the USA were freed when the civil war was won?

A

4 million

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3
Q

How did southern whites stop black Americans from becoming independent?

A

-They used violence and intimidation to stop black Americans voting
-they also refused to sell land to black Americans and forced them into sharecropping, which kept black farmers working for free on white plantations and economically dependent on white people

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4
Q

What is sharecropping (links to how blacks were being treated)?

A

when a landowner allows a tenant to use some of their land in return for a share of the crops they grow

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5
Q

What is the deal with Benjamin Singleton?

A

-pioneered the move to Kansas
-having set up a settlement there in 1873, he promoted Kansas at meetings and in newspaper adverts in the southern states
-helped many hundreds of blacks move there
-he helped to create the foundation for the Exoduster movement

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6
Q

What caused the Exoduster movement and how many people migrated as a result of it?

A

-in 1879, a rumour spread that the Federal government had given the whole state of Kansas to ex-slaves.
-40,000 black Americans from the southern states to Kansas and other western states as a result.

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7
Q

What’s the deal with Henry Adams?

A

promoted the idea of black emigrations

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8
Q

What were the reasons for the Kansas emigration?

A

-Henry Adams and Benjamin singleton
-There was a widespread interest within black communities in the idea of migration generally, including migration to Liberia
-Kansas had a historic reputation as an anti-slavery state and it became a “free state” in 1861 which gave blacks reasons to believe that Kansas would welcome black people and to view the state in a positive way
-the Homestead act offered the promise of free land (pull factor)
-the biblical story of exodus - trusted God would provide for them

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9
Q

What were the problems farming for the Exoduster movement?

A

-other settlers and ranchers had already taken the best land: blacks were left with land in the Kansas uplands which were very difficult to farm
-Since many had come to Kansas believing that the land would be free, they were not able to afford the administration fee to take up their claims

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10
Q

What was the response to Exodusters?

A

-Kansas government gave blacks financial help
-there was huge oppositions to the Exodusters in the southern states
-whites in Kansas thought that the Exodusters should not be helped and should return back to the South

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11
Q

What were the consequences of the Exoduster movement?

A

-Exodusters typically stayed poorer than white migrants and had fewer rights
-By the 1880s, the exodus turned into a much smaller stream of migrants who have saved money and put together the resources necessary for settling in the west.
-difficulties faced by some black settlers in Kansas meant that there was a second (smaller ) wave out of Kansas as former Exodusters went elsewhere in the USA, especially to Nebraska and, after 1889, to Oklahoma

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12
Q

When was the first Oklahoma land rush?

A

1889

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13
Q

Describe what happened in the first land rush

A

at midday 22nd April 1889, thousands of white settlers rushed over the country to claim their 160-acre section

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14
Q

How many land rushes were there?

A

7

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15
Q

When was the last land rush and how many acres of land were opened for settlement?

A

1895

88, 000

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16
Q

When was the largest land rush, what was it called, how many acres were open for settlement?

A

1893

the Cherokee strip land rush

8 million acres