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History Gcse > Experience Of Modern Warfare > Flashcards

Experience Of Modern Warfare Flashcards

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1
Q

What does logistics refer to

A

The transportation of troops,supplies,ammunition and post

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2
Q

When were haldane’s reforms and what were they

A

1908,Response to Boer War,Set up a professional full time army and Part time army called the Territorial Force

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3
Q

What is Army 2020

A

An ongoing review of the Army,Changes include renaming Territorial force to Army Reserve in 2013

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4
Q

How much of the army was made up of logistics officers in 2003

A

15%

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5
Q

Why was new logistics officers needed

A

New weapons such as planes,tanks and new artillery meant more transportation was needed for them

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6
Q

What was the difference in % of Infantry in 1914 compared to 2015

A

65% to 25%

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7
Q

What was the change in percentage of cavalry in 1914 to 2015

A

10% in 1914 to 10% in 2015 as tanks replaced Cavalry and their role as they lead the attack

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8
Q

What was the change in percentage of artillery from 1914-2015

A

From 20%-10% as tanks and aircraft now share the role of bombarding the enemy

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9
Q

What are the changes in % of specialist troops from 1914-2015

A

5%-55%

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10
Q

What corps were set up for specialist troops for new equipment

A

Royal Engineers,Royal electrical and mechanical engineers,Royal Logistics corps and Royal Medical corps

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11
Q

When were the first bomb disposal units created

A

Early 1940

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12
Q

What are EOD units

A

These are units in modern armies that make munitions safe after wars are over

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13
Q

What were the advantages of machine guns

A

Very effective in defense,could fire 600 rounds a minute

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14
Q

What did tanks replace and why

A

By 1918,cavalry replaced by tanks that were more effective

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15
Q

What are chemical weapons and what has happened to them since ww1

A

Weapons using chemicals to cause death,most nations have now agreed to not use them

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16
Q

When was the first nuclear weapon created

A

1945

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17
Q

How have aircraft changed since 1914-18 in terms of numbers

A

63 aircraft in 1914 to 22,000 by 1918

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18
Q

What does surveillance allow forces to do

A

Spot enemy forces and identify targets
Predict weather
Photograph impact of attacks
Provide communication

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19
Q

What are ICBM’s

A

Inter continental ballistic missiles

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20
Q

How was developments in transport shown in 1914

A

Germans moved troops by train in order to suprise attack and out-manouvere french forces

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21
Q

How was developments in transport shown in 1918

A

Motorised transport introduced trucks/motorcycles used

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22
Q

How was developments in transport shown in 1940

A

Aircraft introduced,parachute troops would enter behind enemy lines

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23
Q

How does war promote change in weaponry/society

A

“War is a catalyst of change” as all resources are put into the war and creating the newest and best weaponry/tactics

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24
Q

How was development in transport shown in 1944

A

Air support,allies create ‘cab rank’ system that allows the aircraft to always be in the sky and quickly attack when needed

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25
When is guerrilla warfare used and what is it
Used by a weaker force against a bigger enemy,Traditionally use hit and run tactics (ambushes) inflciting small casualties,examples include Vietnam and Afghanistan
26
How are high tech weapons having a significant impact
They can be used to attack from thousands of kilometres away meaning casualties are lessened
27
What is RADAR
RAdio Detection And Ranging,Early warning system to detect enemy aircraft,important for air sirens in Britan
28
What happened in terms of recruitment in ww1
1914-Thousands needed to replace casualties appeal for volunteers 1916-Millitary service act introduces conscription 1918-Conscription ends
29
How were many people recruited in WW1 by the goverment
Propoganda PALs Battalions-local volunteers from the same community National sedvice/conscription meant all men 17-21 had to serve for a period of time
30
When were women first allowed to be conscripted and what did they have to be
Unmarried women aged 20-30 could first be conscripted in 1941
31
What was the WVS and how many members did it have in 1941 (when women were first conscripted)
Women's voluntary Service,One million members
32
How many people died in WW1
10 million combatants
33
How many people died in WW2 (Millitary and Civilian)
15 million combatants 45 million civilians
34
What is Total warfare
The use of all people in the country towards the war effort and the targeting of all people in the other country.Used wars of attrition to break enemy down through limiting resources instead of actually beating the opponent
35
What is conscription
Where people are forced to serve in the armed forces instead of volunteering
36
What was the impact of active fighting on civilians in terms of recruitment
Many britons were forced to fight for the first time since the medieval period.700,000 died in the first war and 450,000 died in the second world war
37
What was the Home guard
A part time volunteer force formed in 1940 to defend against invasion
38
What was the civil defense
Volunteers who defended the country from air raids
39
What was the women's voluntary service
Supported the civil defense with its million volunteers
40
What is 'the home front' referring to
The civilian population and the preparations of a country at home,who's forces are fighting abroad
41
What is rationing
The dividing up of food so that all people have equal amounts,this happened in 1918 and again in 1940
42
What was the blitz
Between 1940-41.Two million homes were destroyed and 1.5 million civilians evacuated due to German bombing
43
What was the 'defense of the realm act'
An act made in 1914 that allowed the goverment to censor information
44
What was the emergency powers act and when was it
1940,This act gave the goverment unlimited powers to act,in turn workers could be moved into jobs more needed for the war effort
45
What were some common Air raid precautions
Gas masks issued to every citizen Air raid shelters set up in homes and public places Children evacuated Blackouts
46
What are some of the unexpected benefits warfare has given us
Major medical advances and equality for women
47
What could men opt to do instead of joining the armed forces in WW2
They could join the mining industry
48
What were the attitudes to Conscientious Objectors (Somebody like Desmond Doss)
Very poor attitudes towards them as it was seen as a sign of cowardice,many lost jobs,went to prison,were forced to serve and faced hostility and people giving them white feathers
49
What were the changes in war reporting over the modern period
New media such as televisions and satellite links have revolutionised reporting,impacting public attitudes 1914-One journalist reports from the battlefield 1916-Five journalists allowed on front line 2003-700 reporters allowed in Iraq war
50
Why has support for war been reduced after WW2
The financial and human costs of war reported by the news means people are more likely to oppose it
51
How are strategies made now to maintain public support
New strategies aim to minimise casualties on both sides
52
Why is it now harder for the goverment to implement censorship
New technology means it's much harder to introduce censorship,However some journalists still present a patriotic view
53
In the first world war how was censorship used
It was used to hide the worst news from the public,soldiers letters were read and censored
54
How was propoganda used differently in both world wars
WW1-Propoganda used to exaggerate victory and increase patriotism WW2-Propoganda concentrates on horrors of war and the need to win along with amorale building posters (censorship also used)
55
What was the battle of the Somme and when was it
1916,An attempt to break the stalemate on the western front
56
How long did the somme go on for
Five months
57
What were the main tactics employed in the somme
Week long heavy artillery bombardment Creeping barrage of infantry Infantry going 'over the top' and getting gunned down
58
What were the reasons for the stalemate in the somme
Suprise lost due to artillery barrage German trench system was better Power of defense,Artillery and machine guns cut down soldiers British infantry were new and lacked experience
59
What was the nature of trench warfare
Boring daily routines such as sentry duty and cleaning weapons Trench foot Weather was harsh+heavy bombardement meant little sleep Disease was spread by rats and dirty water
60
What did General Haig do well in the Somme
Calculated heavy casualties would hit the germans harder than the british Wanted to pin down the german troops at the somme
61
What did General Haig do badly in the somme
Didn't change strategy after first infantry attacks weren't succesful Used new weapons badly Didn't listen to advice
62
What was the 'Coalition' in the Iraq war
The Coalition used high-tech weaponry and surveillance techniques to limit casualties
63
What was the Strategy in the Iraq war
'Shock and awe' using overwhelming advanced firepower F-117 fighters bombed Iraqi leaders whilst forces went in Two months of air raids 200,000 ground troops captured key cities
64
What was used for surveillance in the Iraq war
Drones used Satnet 4,British satellite placed over Iraq to intercept communications and guide tactics along with keeping commanders safer
65
What was the outcome of the Iraq war and why
The 'coalition' defeated Iraq's army in 20 days but were forced to withdraw 8 years later,The high tech weapons were not able to control the country due to the guerilla tactics employed by the Iraqis
66
How was computeried weaponry used in Iraq
F-117 stealth fighter-bombers are undetectable by radar Paveway bombs aka smart bombs are guided using lasers and GPS Storm Shadows are cruise missiles launched from aircraft using cameras
67
How were tanks updated in the modern period
In WW1-Used innefectively due to them tending to break down In WW2-Used much more effectively as a shock troop at the front of an attack and also to protect soldiers behind it Later on-Tanks updated to be smaller,lighter and quicker,mainly used in surveillance

History Gcse (42 decks)

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