Experiences for native people

Question 1

improvement in education

Answer 1

Student numbers in higher education rose from ~5,000 in 1882 to over 15,000 by 1914

Question 2

Cultural reform

Answer 2

Preservation Act in 1904 - ancient monuments such as the Taj Mahal protected

Question 3

Commerce and Industry

Answer 3

1905 Commerce and Industry Department which sponsored research and oversaw the establishment of agricultural banks

Question 4

Economic

Answer 4

Curzon lowered taxes and adopted the gold standard to ensure a stable currency

Question 5

Cultural reform

Answer 5

The British brought one language (English) - helps with communication and creates a sense of nationhood

Question 6

Irrigation

Answer 6

Brought in an irrigation programme, which increased the amount of land available for farming by 8 times for Indian people

Question 7

Railway

Answer 7

Expanded the railway network from over 25,000 miles in 1901 to over 34,000 miles by 1910

Question 8

Indian Universities act 1904

Answer 8

Purpose: reform and centralize the administration of Indian universities and increase government control over higher education

Question 9

benefits of Universities act 1904 (funding)

Answer 9

Government grants to universities increased from ₹5 lakh to ₹12 lakh per year

Question 10

prominent universities

Answer 10

By 1911, India had 5 major universities (Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Allahabad, and Punjab).

Question 11

Partition of Bengal (1905) dates

Answer 11

announced July 1905 - implemented October

Question 12

official reason

Answer 12

improve administrative efficiency due to Bengal’s large size (~80 million people)

Question 13

perceived reason

Answer 13

seen by Indian nationalists as a “divide and rule” tactic to weaken Hindu-led political opposition by fostering Hindu-Muslim divisions

Question 14

muslim territory

Answer 14

East Bengal and Assam

Question 15

hindu territory

Answer 15

West Bengal

Question 16

hindu elite reactions (landlords)

Answer 16

Many upper-caste Hindu zamindars (landlords) in West Bengal owned land in East Bengal, leased to Muslim peasants

Question 17

who was Surendranath Banerjee?

Answer 17

prominent Bengali leader and founder of the Indian National Association), led mass protests against the partition

Question 18

anti partition protest date and location

Answer 18

7th August 1905 in Calcutta town hall

Question 19

attendance of anti partition protest

Answer 19

Over 50,000 people
including lawyers, students, professionals, landlords, and urban middle-class Hindus

Question 20

what did the crowd do at anti partition protest

Answer 20

The crowd adopted Swadeshi resolutions, sang “Vande Mataram”, and took oaths to boycott British goods

Question 21

Banerjee quote on partition (divide and rule tactics reference)

Answer 21

“veiled attempt to divide the Bengali people”

Question 22

violence as a result of partition

Answer 22

attempted bombing of Lord Frazer (Governor of Bengal) in 1907 seen as directly involved in implementing the partition

Question 23

muslim reactions to partition

Answer 23

welcomed as created a majority muslim province in East Bengal BUT excluded from the Swadeshi Movement, which had a strong Hindu cultural tone (e.g. invoking Bande Mataram).

Question 24

result of muslims being excluded

Answer 24

In 1906, the All-India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka, partly as a response to perceived Hindu domination in the INC

Question 25

who supported All Indian Muslim League

Answer 25

Supported by Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka, a strong advocate of the partition