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Biol > Experimental Design & Properties of Water U1 > Flashcards

Experimental Design & Properties of Water U1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A testable explanation or prediction based on the observation and the scientist’s prior knowledge

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2
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

A prediction that there is no relationship between two variables.

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3
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The factor or condition being changed“the cause”X-axis

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4
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The factor or condition being measured“the effect”Y-axis

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5
Q

What is a control variable?

A

A factor or condition that is keptconstant throughout the experiment

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6
Q

What is a control group?

A

This group experiences the sameconditions as the experimental group,except for the single independentvariable being studied

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7
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

done in lab

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8
Q

What is a natural experiment?

A

observing andanalyzing something happeningnaturally, out of control of the scientist

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9
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Based on numbers

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10
Q

What is Qualitative data?

A

Based on Observation

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11
Q

What is an atom?

A

the basic unit of matter.

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12
Q

What is an element?

A

a pure substancethat consists of one type ofatom.

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13
Q

What is an atom composed of?

A

Atoms are composed of threesubatomic particles:

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14
Q

What is a Proton?

A

Positively charged subatomic particle, found inthe nucleus.

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15
Q

What is a Neutron?

A

Subatomic particle with no charge, found inthe nucleus.

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16
Q

What is an electron?

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle, foundoutside of the nucleus.

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17
Q

What are the first 3 layers of electron shells made of?

A

1st Orbital: Maximum 2 electrons2nd Orbital: Maximum 8 electrons3rd Orbital: Maximum 18 electrons

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18
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

the number of protons in the atom.

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19
Q

What is a mass number?

A

the total number of protons and neutrons inthe nucleus of an atom.

20
Q

What is atomic weight?

A

the weighted average of the masses of anelement’s isotopes.

21
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms off the same element that differ in the numbers of neutrons they contain. Identified by mass number.

22
Q

What is a valence shell?

A

the outer orbital/electron shell.

23
Q

What is a cell?

A

basic unit of life

24
Q

What is a compound?

A

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.

25
Q

What is a molecule?

A

made when two or more atoms are chemically bonded together?

26
Q

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic and Covalent

27
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Chemical bond formed when one or moreelectrons are transferred from one atom to another.

28
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that either gains electrons or loses electrons.As such, it is either positively or negatively charged.

29
Q

What are covalent bonds ?

A

Chemical bond formed when the electronsare shared between atoms.

30
Q

What do carbons four valence electrons allow them to do?

A

bond with many otheratoms. As such, chains of carbon often formthe backbone of macromolecules.

31
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Macromolecules are largemolecules made frommany smaller molecules.

32
Q

What are Monomers and Polymers?

A

Monomers: the small units.* Polymers: the large units.

33
Q

What is polarity in a hydrogen molecule?

A

a water moleculeis polar because there isan uneven distribution ofelectrons between thehydrogen atoms andoxygen atoms. Thenegative pole is near theoxygen atom and thepositive pole is near thehydrogen atoms

34
Q

What are Intramolecular forces?

A

forces that holdatoms together withina molecule.

35
Q

What are Intermolecular forces?

A

forces that existbetween molecules.

36
Q

what is a hydrogen bond?

A

attraction between ahydrogen atom andanother atom.

37
Q

What is cohesion and adhesion?

A

attraction of molecules of the same substance.attraction between molecules of different substances.

38
Q

What is Capillary Action?

A

tendency of water to rise in a thin tube.

39
Q

What is a mixture?

A

a material composed of two or more elements orcompounds that are physically mixed together but not chemicallycombined.

40
Q

What is a suspension?

A

mixture of water and nondissolved material

41
Q

What is a solution?

A

type of mixture in which all components are evenlydistributed

42
Q

What are solutes and solvents?

A

Solute: substance that is dissolved in solution. Ex: sugar,saltSolvent: dissolving substance in a solution. Ex: water

43
Q

What is hydrophobic?

A

nonpolarmolecules that repel watermolecules. “Water fearing”

44
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

molecules formingionic or a hydrogen bond withwater molecules. “Waterloving”

45
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The surface becomes stronger because they exert more force horizontally when they cant exert it up(happens to water)

Biol (21 decks)

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